The Evolution of the Heart (A Love Story)

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In order to understand where hearts came from, we have to go back to the earliest common ancestor of everything that has a heart. It took hundreds of millions of years, and countless different iterations of the same basic structure to lead to the heart that you have today.

Thanks as always to Nobu Tamura for allowing us to use his wonderful paleoart: http://spinops.blogspot.com/

Thanks to Ceri Thomas for the Ichthyostega reconstruction. Check out more of Ceri's paleoart at http://alphynix.tumblr.com and http://nixillustration.com

Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios

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References:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p....mc/articles/PMC53784
https://link.springer.com/arti....cle/10.1007%2Fs00018
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p....mc/articles/PMC26142
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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p....mc/articles/PMC30974
https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms4560
http://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/....news/2014/april/earl
http://www.sci-news.com/paleon....tology/science-fossi
https://journals.plos.org/plos....one/article?id=10.13
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7915669
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10355031
https://genent.cals.ncsu.edu/b....ug-bytes/circulatory
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.co....m/doi/full/10.1111/b
http://www.fossilmuseum.net/Fo....ssil_Sites/whitesea/
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https://www.sciencedirect.com/....science/article/pii/
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