Ciencia Y Tecnología

When Rodents Rafted Across the Ocean

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5 vistas · 5 años hace

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The best evidence we have suggests that, while Caviomorpha originated in South America, they came from ancestors in Africa, over 40 million years ago. So how did they get there?

This episode was written by Genevieve Perdue.

Thanks to Ceri Thomas for the Josephoartigasia monesi reconstruction. Check out more of Ceri's paleoart at http://alphynix.tumblr.com and http://nixillustration.com

Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios

Super special thanks to the following Patreon patrons for helping make Eons possible:

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References:

https://academic.oup.com/bioli....nnean/article/121/4/
https://link.springer.com/arti....cle/10.1007/s11692-0
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21993503
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https://www.researchgate.net/p....ublication/316684055
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.co....m/doi/abs/10.1002/ev
https://www.nature.com/articles/26886
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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10423268
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Lavocat, R. “La syste´matique des rongeurs hystricomorphes et la de´rive des continents.” Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences Series D 269 (1969).
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https://www.jstor.org/stable/2401146
Merali, Z., and B.J. Skinner. Visualizing Earth Science (2009). Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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https://academic.oup.com/jmamm....al/article/91/1/11/8
Mones, A., and J. Ojasti. “Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris.” Mammalian Species 264(1986).
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Morrison, M.L., Marcot, B.G., and R.W. Mannan. Wildlife-Habitat Relationships: Concepts and Applications, 3rd ed. (2006). Washington, D.C.: Island Press.
Nowak, R. M. Walker’s mammals of the world, 5th ed. (1991). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
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Patton, J. L., Pardiñas, U. F. J., and G. D’Elía. Mammals of South America, Vol. 2, Rodents (2015). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
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Scotese, C.R. “A Continental Drift Flipbook.” The Journal of Geology 112.6 (2004).
Simpson, G.G. 1940. “Mammals and land bridges.” Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 30 (1940).
https://www.researchgate.net/p....ublication/282577627

How Sloths Went From the Seas to the Trees

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5 vistas · 5 años hace

The story of sloths is one of astounding ecological variability, with some foraging in the seas, others living underground, and others still hiding from predators in towering cliffs. So why are their only living relatives in the trees?

Thanks to Ceri Thomas for allowing us to use few sloth reconstructions! Check out more of Ceri's paleoart at http://alphynix.tumblr.com and http://nixillustration.com

And thanks as always to Franz Anthony and everyone at http://252mya.com for their great paleoart.

Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios

Super special thanks to the following Patreon patrons for helping make Eons possible:

Katie Fichtner, Aldo Espinosa Zúñiga, Anthony Callaghan, Esmeralda Rupp-Spangle, Gregory Donovan, Ehit Dinesh Agarwal, الخليفي سلطان, Gabriel Cortez, Marcus Lejon, Anel Salas, Robert Arévalo, Robert Hill, Kelby Reid, Todd Dittman, Betsy Radley, PS, Colin Sylvester, Philip Slingerland, John Vanek, Jose Garcia, Noah offitzer, Eric Vonk, Tony Wamsley, Henrik Peteri, Jonathan Wright, Jon Monteiro, James Bording, Brad Nicholls, Miles Chaston, Michael McClellan, Jeff Graham, Maria Humphrey, Nathan Paskett, Connor Jensen, Sapjes, Daisuke Goto, Hubert Rady, Yuntao Zhou, Gregory Kintz, Tyson Cleary, Chandler Bass, Maly Lor, Joao Ascensao, Tsee Lee, Sarah Fritts, Ruben Winter, Ron Harvey Jr, Jacob Gerke, Alex Yan

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References:
https://link.springer.com/arti....cle/10.1007/s10722-0
https://www.tandfonline.com/do....i/abs/10.1080/004382
http://www.pnas.org/content/102/33/11763
https://www.cambridge.org/core..../journals/journal-of
https://www.jstor.org/stable/2400207
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.co....m/doi/abs/10.1111/j.
https://www.tandfonline.com/do....i/abs/10.1080/104209
https://palaeo-electronica.org..../2009_3/189/index.ht
https://link.springer.com/arti....cle/10.1007/s10914-0
https://eurekamag.com/research..../020/408/020408865.p
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1671/2429b
https://link.springer.com/arti....cle/10.1007/s10914-0
https://link.springer.com/arti....cle/10.1007/s10914-0
https://link.springer.com/arti....cle/10.1007/s10914-0
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p....mc/articles/PMC39732
http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/....10.1671/0272-4634(20
https://academic.oup.com/zooli....nnean/article/140/2/
https://link.springer.com/arti....cle/10.1007/s10914-0
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25861559
https://peerj.com/articles/5600/
https://www.tandfonline.com/do....i/abs/10.1671/0272-4
https://www.researchgate.net/p....ublication/233548931

The Facts About Dinosaurs & Feathers

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13 vistas · 5 años hace

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When Apes Conquered Europe

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4 vistas · 5 años hace

Not too long ago, our early human ancestors were under constant threat of attack from predators. And it turns out that this difficult chapter in our history may be responsible for the adaptations that allowed us to become so successful.

Thanks to Julio Lacerda and Studio 252mya for the illustrations of the Taung Child. You can find more of Julio's work here: https://252mya.com/gallery/julio-lacerda

Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios

Super special thanks to the following Patreon patrons for helping make Eons possible:
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References:
http://humanorigins.si.edu/evi....dence/human-fossils/
http://humanorigins.si.edu/evi....dence/human-fossils/
http://humanorigins.si.edu/evi....dence/human-fossils/
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/sci....ence/nature/4729050.
http://time.com/5424347/remain....s-neanderthal-giant-
http://scienceinpoland.pap.pl/....en/news/news%2C31287
Berger, L. R. (2006). Brief communication: Predatory bird damage to the Taung type-skull of Australopithecus africanus Dart 1925. American Journal of Physical Anthropology: The Official Publication of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists, 131(2), 166-168.
Berger, L. R., & Clarke, R. J. (1995). Eagle involvement in accumulation of the Taung child fauna. Journal of Human Evolution, 29(3), 275-299.
Berger, L. R., & McGraw, W. S. (2007). Further evidence for eagle predation of, and feeding damage on, the Taung child. South African Journal of Science, 103(11-12), 496-498.
Blumenschine, R. J., Stanistreet, I. G., Njau, J. K., Bamford, M. K., Masao, F. T., Albert, R. M., ... & Fernández-Jalvo, Y. (2012). Environments and hominin activities across the FLK Peninsula during Zinjanthropus times (1.84 Ma), Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. Journal of Human Evolution, 63(2), 364-383.
Brain, C. K. (1970). New finds at the Swartkrans australopithecine site. Nature, 225(5238), 1112.
Brain, C. K. (1983). The hunters or the hunted?: an introduction to African cave taphonomy. University of Chicago Press.
Bunn, H. T. (1991). A taphonomic perspective on the archaeology of human origins. Annual Review of Anthropology, 20(1), 433-467.
Dart, R. A. (1949). The predatory implemental technique of Australopithecus. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 7(1), 1-38.
Dart, R. A. (1953). The predatory transition from ape to man. Brill.
Dart, R. A. (1958). The Minimal Bone-Breccia Content of Makapansgat and the Australopithecine Predatory Habit. American Anthropologist, 60(5), 923-931.
Hart, D. (2018). Man the hunted: Primates, predators, and human evolution. Routledge.
Hart, D., & Sussman, R. W. (2011). The influence of predation on primate and early human evolution: impetus for cooperation. In Origins of Altruism and Cooperation (pp. 19-40). Springer, New York, NY.
Njau, J. K., & Blumenschine, R. J. (2006). A diagnosis of crocodile feeding traces on larger mammal bone, with fossil examples from the Plio-Pleistocene Olduvai Basin, Tanzania. Journal of Human Evolution, 50(2), 142-162.
Njau, J. K., & Blumenschine, R. J. (2012). Crocodylian and mammalian carnivore feeding traces on hominid fossils from FLK 22 and FLK NN 3, Plio-Pleistocene, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. Journal of human evolution, 63(2), 408-417.
Pickering, T. R., Schick, K. D., & Toth, N. P. (Eds.). (2007). Breathing life into fossils: taphonomic studies in honor of CK (Bob) Brain. Gosport, IN: Stone Age Institute Press.
Tobias, P. V. (1990). When and by whom was the Taung skull discovered. Para conocer al hombre: homenaje a Santiago Genovése. Mexico City: Universidad Nacional Autonoma da Mexico, 207-213.
Washburn, S. L. (1957). Australopithecines: the hunters or the hunted?. American Anthropologist, 59(4), 612-614.
Zuberbühler, K., & Jenny, D. (2002). Leopard predation and primate evolution. Journal of Human Evolution, 43(6), 873-886.

The Great Snake Debate

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The Most Useful Fossils in the World

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Where Did Viruses Come From?

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1 vistas · 5 años hace

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The Two People We're All Related To

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When Giant Amphibians Reigned

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10 vistas · 5 años hace

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Temnospondyls were a huge group of amphibians that existed for 210 million years. And calling them ‘diverse’ would be putting it mildly. Yet in the end, two major threats would push them to extinction: the always-changing climate and the amniote egg.

Thanks to Ceri Thomas for the very cool Temnospondyl reconstructions throughout this episode. Check out more of Ceri's paleoart at http://alphynix.tumblr.com and http://nixillustration.com

And thanks as always to Nobumichi Tamura for allowing us to use his wonderful paleoart: http://spinops.blogspot.com/

Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios

Super special thanks to the following Patreon patrons for helping make Eons possible:

Katie Fichtner, Aldo Espinosa Zúñiga, Anthony Callaghan, الخليفي سلطان, Gabriel Cortez, Marcus Lejon, Anel Salas, Robert Arévalo, Robert Hill, Kelby Reid, Todd Dittman, Betsy Radley, Svetlana Pylaeva, Colin Sylvester, Philip Slingerland, John Vanek, Jose Garcia, Noah offitzer, Eric Vonk, Tony Wamsley, Henrik Peteri, Jonathan Wright, Jon Monteiro, James Bording, Brad Nicholls, Miles Chaston, Michael McClellan, Jeff Graham, Maria Humphrey, Nathan Paskett, Connor Jensen, Sapjes, Daisuke Goto, Hubert Rady, Yuntao Zhou, Gregory Kintz, Tyson Cleary, Chandler Bass, Maly Lor, Joao Ascensao. Tsee Lee, Sarah Fritts, Ruben Winter, Ron Harvey Jr, Joshua Mitchell, Johnny Li, Jacob Gerke, Alex Yan

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References:
Gaining Ground: The Origin and Evolution of Tetrapods, Second Edition by Jennifer A. Clack.
The Rise of Amphibians: 365 Million Years of Evolution by Robert Carroll.
Amphibian Evolution: The Life of Early Land Vertebrates by Rainer R. Schoch.
Earth Before the Dinosaurs by Sebastian Steyer.
How Vertebrates Left the Water by Michel Laurin.
The Late Triassic World: Earth in a Time of Transition, edited by Lawrence H. Tanner.
The Story of Life in 25 Fossils: Tales of Intrepid Explorers and the Wonders of Evolution by Donald R. Prothero.
http://rspb.royalsocietypublis....hing.org/content/281
https://academic.oup.com/zooli....nnean/article/150/4/
https://www.researchgate.net/p....ublication/256496340
“Fishes and Amphibians From the Late Permian Pedra De Fogo Formation of Northern Brazil” by Cox and Barry, 1991.
https://www.jstor.org/stable/4524569
“Lower Triassic Temnospondyli of Tasmania” by Cogsgriff, 1974.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.co....m/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.
https://www.researchgate.net/p....ublication/281863720
https://www.tandfonline.com/do....i/abs/10.1080/027246
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.co....m/doi/abs/10.1111/j.

The Age of Reptiles in Three Acts

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2 vistas · 5 años hace

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When Whales Walked

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How the Squid Lost Its Shell

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The Search for the Earliest Life

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When Did the First Flower Bloom?

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Dimetrodon: Our Most Unlikely Ancestor

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2 vistas · 5 años hace

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With its lizard-like appearance and that distinctive sail on it back, Dimetrodon is practically the mascot of the Palaeozoic Era, a time before flowers, birds, mammals, and even crocodiles. But if you take a close look at this sail-backed animal, you might see a little bit of yourself.

The Great Courses Plus is currently available to watch through a web browser to almost anyone in the world and optimized for the US market. The Great Courses Plus is currently working to both optimize the product globally and accept credit card payments globally.

Thanks to Franz Anthony and Studio 252mya for the Dimetrodon illustration. You can find more of Franz's work here: https://252mya.com/gallery/franz-anthony

Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios

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References:
https://evolution-outreach.spr....ingeropen.com/articl
http://www.app.pan.pl/article/....item/app20100039.htm
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi..../abs/10.1080/1042094
http://www.journals.uchicago.e....du/doi/10.1086/65300
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com..../doi/10.1002/jmor.10

How the T-Rex Lost Its Arms

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4 vistas · 5 años hace

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Tyrannosaurus rex was big, Tyrannosaurus rex was vicious, and Tyrannosaurus rex had tiny arms. The story of how T-Rex lost its arms is, itself, pretty simple. But the story of why it kept those little limbs, and how it used them? Well, that’s a little more complicated.

Thanks as always to Nobumichi Tamura for allowing us to use his wonderful paleoart: http://spinops.blogspot.com/

Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios

Super special thanks to the following Patreon patrons for helping make Eons possible:
Aldo Espinosa Zúñiga, Svetlana Pylaeva, Colin Sylvester, Philip Slingerland, John Vanek, Jose Garcia, Noah offitzer, Eric Vonk, Tony Wamsley, Henrik Peteri, Jonathan Wright, Wilco Verweij, Jon Monteiro, James Bording, Brad Nicholls, Miles Chaston, Addison Baker, Michael McClellan, Elysha Nygård, Jeff Graham, Maria Humphrey, Southpoint, Connor Jensen, Ehit Dinesh Agarwal, Sapjes, Dave, Daisuke Goto, Zachary Winkler, Hubert Rady, Yuntao Zhou, Gregory Kintz, Tyson Cleary, Chandler Bass, Maly Lor, Joao Ascensao, Mario Morales, Tsee Lee, Sarah Fritts, phil parker, Ruben Winter, Ron Harvey Jr, Joshua Mitchell, Johnny Li, Katie Fichtner, Budjarn Lambeth, Jacob Gerke, Katie M Vasilescu, Brandon Burke, Alex Yan, Jordon Sokoll

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References:
Baron, Matthew G., David B. Norman, and Paul M. Barrett. "A new hypothesis of dinosaur relationships and early dinosaur evolution." Nature 543.7646 (2017): 501.
Bates, Karl T., and Peter L. Falkingham. "Estimating maximum bite performance in Tyrannosaurus rex using multi-body dynamics." Biology Letters (2012): rsbl20120056.
Brusatte, Stephen L., and Thomas D. Carr. "The phylogeny and evolutionary history of tyrannosauroid dinosaurs." Scientific Reports 6 (2016): 20252.
Burch, Sara. Osteological, Myological, and Phylogenetic Trends of Forelimb Reduction in Nonavian Theropod Dinosaurs. Diss. The Graduate School, Stony Brook University: Stony Brook, NY., 2015.
Carpenter, Kenneth. "Forelimb biomechanics of nonavian theropod dinosaurs in predation." Senckenbergiana lethaea 82.1 (2002): 59-75.
Erickson, Gregory M., et al. "Bite-force estimation for Tyrannosaurus rex from tooth-marked bones." Nature 382.6593 (1996): 706.
Fowler, Denver W., et al. "Reanalysis of “Raptorex kriegsteini”: a juvenile tyrannosaurid dinosaur from Mongolia." PLoS One 6.6 (2011): e21376.
Gillingham, James C., and Jeffrey A. Chambers. "Courtship and pelvic spur use in the Burmese python, Python molurus bivittatus." Copeia 1982.1 (1982): 193-196.
Gould, Stephen Jay, and Richard C. Lewontin. "The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: a critique of the adaptationist programme." Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 205.1161 (1979): 581-598.
Hutchinson, John R., and Stephen M. Gatesy. "Dinosaur locomotion: beyond the bones." Nature 440.7082 (2006): 292.
Makovicky, Peter J. "A new small theropod from the Morrison Formation of Como Bluff, Wyoming." Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 17.4 (1997): 755-757.
MIDDLETON, KEVIN M., and STEPHEN M. GATESY. "Theropod forelimb design and evolution." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 128.2 (2000): 149-187.
Personal communication, Amy Atwater & Dr. John Scanella, Museum of the Rockies
Pontzer, Herman, et al. "Control and function of arm swing in human walking and running." Journal of Experimental Biology 212.4 (2009): 523-534.
Ruiz, Javier, et al. "The hand structure of Carnotaurus sastrei (Theropoda, Abelisauridae): implications for hand diversity and evolution in abelisaurids." Palaeontology 54.6 (2011): 1271-1277.
Sellers, William I., et al. "Investigating the running abilities of Tyrannosaurus rex using stress-constrained multibody dynamic analysis." PeerJ 5 (2017): e3420.
Sereno, Paul C., et al. "Tyrannosaurid skeletal design first evolved at small body size." Science 326.5951 (2009): 418-422.
Stanley, Steven M. “Evidence that the Arms of Tyrannosaurus rex were not functionless but adapted for vicious slashing.” Geological Society of America Annual Meeting 2017.
Sullivan, Corwin, et al. "The asymmetry of the carpal joint and the evolution of wing folding in maniraptoran theropod dinosaurs." Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences (2010): rspb20092281.
Therrien, François, and Donald M. Henderson. "My theropod is bigger than yours… or not: estimating body size from skull length in theropods." Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27.1 (2007): 108-115. [108:MTIBTY]2.0.CO;2
USAMI, Yoshiyuki, and Ryuta KINUGASA. "A Possibility of Fast Running of TYRANNOSAURUS." DEStech Transactions on Engineering and Technology Research amma (2017).
Xu, Xing, et al. "A basal tyrannosauroid dinosaur from the Late Jurassic of China." Nature 439.7077 (2006): 715.

The Hellacious Lives of the

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2 vistas · 5 años hace

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Despite the name, we don’t know where the so-called “hell pigs” belong in the mammalian family tree. They walked on hooves, like pigs do, but had longer legs, almost like deer. They had hunched backs, a bit like rhinos or bison. But as is often, if not always, the case, there is some evolutionary method to this anatomical madness.

Thanks to Ceri Thomas for the excellent Entelodont illustrations! Check out more of Ceri's paleoart at http://alphynix.tumblr.com and http://nixillustration.com

And thanks to Julio Lacerda and Lucas Lima for their wonderful illustrations. You can find more of their work here: https://252mya.com/

Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios

Super special thanks to the following Patreon patrons for helping make Eons possible:
Katie Fichtner, Anthony Callaghan, Zachary Spencer, Stefan Weber, Ilya Murashov, Charles Kahle, Robert Amling, Po Foon Kwong, Larry Wilson, Merri Snaidman, Renzo Caimi Ordenes, John Vanek, Neil H. Gray, Esmeralda Rupp-Spangle, Gregory Donovan, الخليفي سلطان, Gabriel Cortez, Marcus Lejon, Robert Arévalo, Robert Hill, Todd Dittman, Betsy Radley, PS, Philip Slingerland, Jose Garcia, Eric Vonk, Tony Wamsley, Henrik Peteri, Jonathan Wright, Jon Monteiro, James Bording, Brad Nicholls, Miles Chaston, Michael McClellan, Jeff Graham, Maria Humphrey, Nathan Paskett, Connor Jensen, Daisuke Goto, Hubert Rady, Gregory Kintz, Tyson Cleary, Chandler Bass, Maly Lor, Joao Ascensao, Tsee Lee, Sarah Fritts, Alex Yan

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References:
https://docs.google.com/docume....nt/d/1Ie3bYTS7zlmi03

Untangling the Devil's Corkscrew

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4 vistas · 5 años hace

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When Birds Stopped Flying

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4 vistas · 5 años hace

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Ratites have spread to Africa, Australia, New Zealand, and South America. And there are fossils of Ratites in Europe, Asia, and North America too. That’s a lot of ground to cover for birds that can’t fly. So how did Ratites end up all over the world?

Thanks to Ceri Thomas for the Lithornithid reconstruction. Check out more of Ceri's paleoart at http://alphynix.tumblr.com and http://nixillustration.com

Thanks as always to Nobu Tamura for allowing us to use his wonderful paleoart: http://spinops.blogspot.com/

Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios

Super special thanks to the following Patreon patrons for helping make Eons possible:

Katie Fichtner, Aldo Espinosa Zúñiga, Anthony Callaghan, Esmeralda Rupp-Spangle, Gregory Donovan, Ehit Dinesh Agarwal, الخليفي سلطان, Gabriel Cortez, Marcus Lejon, Anel Salas, Robert Arévalo, Robert Hill, Kelby Reid, Todd Dittman, Betsy Radley, PS, Colin Sylvester, Philip Slingerland, John Vanek, Jose Garcia, Noah offitzer, Eric Vonk, Tony Wamsley, Henrik Peteri, Jonathan Wright, Jon Monteiro, James Bording, Brad Nicholls, Miles Chaston, Michael McClellan, Jeff Graham, Maria Humphrey, Nathan Paskett, Connor Jensen, Sapjes, Daisuke Goto, Hubert Rady, Yuntao Zhou, Gregory Kintz, Tyson Cleary, Chandler Bass, Maly Lor, Joao Ascensao, Tsee Lee, Sarah Fritts, Ruben Winter, Ron Harvey Jr, Jacob Gerke, Alex Yan

If you'd like to support the channel, head over to http://patreon.com/eons and pledge for some cool rewards!

Want to follow Eons elsewhere on the internet?
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References:
http://www.pnas.org/content/ea....rly/2014/03/14/13149
https://researchcommons.waikat....o.ac.nz/handle/10289
https://www.sciencedirect.com/....science/article/pii/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/....science/article/pii/
https://journals.plos.org/plos....one/article?id=10.13
https://www.researchgate.net/p....ublication/228865624
https://www.jstor.org/stable/3545707
http://www.pnas.org/content/115/7/1546
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.co....m/doi/abs/10.1111/j.
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature01871
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p....mc/articles/PMC27916
https://www.sciencedirect.com/....science/article/pii/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p....mc/articles/PMC18100
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/324/5923/42
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature01838
https://academic.oup.com/bioli....nnean/article/112/4/
http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5660
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.co....m/doi/abs/10.1111/j.
http://science.sciencemag.org/....content/344/6186/898
http://rspb.royalsocietypublis....hing.org/content/276
https://digital.library.adelai....de.edu.au/dspace/han
http://www.pnas.org/content/110/42/16910
https://dspace.flinders.edu.au..../xmlui/handle/2328/3
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27989673
https://www.tandfonline.com/do....i/full/10.1080/02724
https://www.notornis.osnz.org.....nz/notes-weight-flyi
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Ciencia Y Tecnología

When Rodents Rafted Across the Ocean

How Sloths Went From the Seas to the Trees

The Facts About Dinosaurs & Feathers

When Apes Conquered Europe

When Humans Were Prey

The Great Snake Debate

The Most Useful Fossils in the World

Where Did Viruses Come From?

The Two People We're All Related To

When Giant Amphibians Reigned

The Age of Reptiles in Three Acts

When Whales Walked

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The Search for the Earliest Life

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Dimetrodon: Our Most Unlikely Ancestor

How the T-Rex Lost Its Arms

The Hellacious Lives of the

Untangling the Devil's Corkscrew

When Birds Stopped Flying

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