How much information is there in Spanish vs English, you vs the world? Check out Audible: http://bit.ly/AudibleVe
Huge thanks to all the amazing people who made this possible:
Christina Ochoa - Spanish https://twitter.com/christina_ochoa
Vanessa Hill - Filming https://www.youtube.com/braincraftvideo
Henry Reich - Filming, cameo http://youtube.com/minutephysics
Cara Santa Maria - Set design http://carasantamaria.com
Michael Stevens - cameo http://youtube.com/vsauce
Crystal Dilworth - consultation https://twitter.com/PolycrystalhD

Thanks also to MinutePhysics for wardrobe and lending the use of the amazing "Things to do when it's really cold outside" video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j3Gs6tyiNX4

More on this theme to come in the main collaboration with Vsauce.

SYNCHRONIZE WITH DESTIN’S VIDEO: http://bit.ly/NorthernSwirl
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Some notes:
We each repeated the experiment 3 times, and got the same results every time. For those of you who might be skeptical, great! A right circular prismatic kiddie pool is only $10 and you can do the experiment for yourself at your latitude. There's really no reason you shouldn't do it for yourself.

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Gordon McGladdery did all of the sound design for the video. We used two songs from other artists (licensed of course). Derek split the first one up so it fades from video to video, and Gordon split the instruments up on the second one. There are violins on one video and percussion on the other for example. It's really neat.

The neat earth animation at the beginning and the synchronizing timer was made by http://eisenfeuer.com/. He also made still images of the earth from the top and the bottom.

Thanks to Vanessa for filming in Sydney: http://youtube.com/braincraftvideo

MORE INFO:

There was a study performed at MIT years ago (http://web.mit.edu/hml/ncfmf/09VOR.pdf) that explained the physics involved. We repeated some of these demonstrations, but on opposite sides of the globe…and in a way that can be easily understood.
This site is a great resource on the Coriolis effect and ways people have gotten it wrong:
http://www.ems.psu.edu/~fraser/Bad/Ba...

If you repeat something enough times, it comes to feel good and true.
Support Veritasium on Patreon: http://bit.ly/VePatreon
Science with Hot Wheels! My vids for kids: http://bit.ly/VeHotWheels
More info on cognitive ease: http://bit.ly/29OMGas

This episode was inspired by the book Thinking Fast and Slow by Daniel Kahneman.

This video was edited by Daniel Joseph Files, with music from Kevin MacLeod at http://incompetech.com "Marty Gots a Plan" "Sing Along With Jim" and "Full On".

Veritasium is supported on Patreon by:
Jason Buster, Saeed Alghamdi, Tony Fadell, Donal Botkin, Bryan Baker, & Imthetroublesolver 8)

All the large-scale structure in the universe may owe its existence to nothing.
Sponsored by the Dyson 360 Eye Robot #ad: http://bit.ly/2cGqBRV
Support Veritasium on Patreon: http://bit.ly/VePatreon

Thanks to Patreon supporters:
Bryan Baker, Donal Botkin, Tony Fadell, Saeed Alghamdi

Let's see how clearly I can explain this. We think of empty space as, well... empty, the epitome of nothingness. But as our understanding of physics has evolved we have realized that it's not truly empty. Space is filled with fields. There is a field for every subatomic particle. One for electrons, up quarks, down quarks, neutrinos and so on. In empty space these fields are basically zero, flat, nil. But it's impossible to make them perfectly zero so there are always some quantum fluctuations in the fields, even in a perfect vacuum. These are sometimes called virtual particles but they should really just be thought of as little disturbances in the field. Vacuum fluctuation play a role mediating the interactions of subatomic particles but they don't really have an impact on the large-scale structure of the universe, EXCEPT during inflation, right after the big bang when the universe increased in size 10^26 times. Due to this rapid expansion, those tiny fluctuations were blown up to the scale of the observable universe. And we know this by looking at the cosmic microwave background radiation where we can see slightly hotter and cooler parts of the early universe that correspond to density fluctuations. And it is these density fluctuations that allowed matter to clump together into large structures like the gigantic gas clouds that would go on to contain stars and planets. In case the video isn't clear, this is what I've been trying to say.

Animations by Gustavo Rosa

This video was sponsored in part by Dyson #ad

These are the molecular machines inside your body that make cell division possible. Animation by Drew Berry at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research. http://wehi.tv

Special thanks to Patreon supporters:
Joshua Abenir, Tony Fadell, Donal Botkin, Jeff Straathof, Zach Mueller, Ron Neal, Nathan Hansen

Support Veritasium on Patreon: http://ve42.co/patreon

Every day in an adult human roughly 50-70 billion of your cells die. They may be damaged, stressed, or just plain old - this is normal, in fact it’s called programmed cell death.

To make up for that loss, right now, inside your body, billions of cells are dividing, creating new cells.

And cell division, also called mitosis, requires an army of tiny molecular machines.DNA is a good place to start - the double helix molecule that we always talk about.

This is a scientifically accurate depiction of DNA. If you unwind the two strands you can see that each has a sugar phosphate backbone connected to the sequence of nucleic acid base pairs, known by the letters A,T,G, and C.

Now the strands run in opposite directions, which is important when you go to copy DNA. Copying DNA is one of the first steps in cell division. Here the two strands of DNA are being unwound and separated by the tiny blue molecular machine called helicase.
It literally spins as fast as a jet engine! The strand of DNA on the right has its complimentary strand assembled continuously but the other strand is more complicated because it runs in the opposite direction.
So it must be looped out with its compliment strand assembled in reverse, section by section. At the end of this process you have two identical DNA molecules, each one a few centimeters long but just a couple nanometers wide.

To prevent the DNA from becoming a tangled mess, it is wrapped around proteins called a histones, forming a nucleosome.
These nucleosomes are bundled together into a fiber known as chromatin, which is further looped and coiled to form a chromosome, one of the largest molecular structures in your body.
You can actually see chromosomes under a microscope in dividing cells - only then do they take on their characteristic shape.

The process of dividing the cell takes around an hour in mammals. This footage is from a time lapse. You can see how the chromosomes line up on the equator of the cell. When everything is right they are pulled apart into the two new daughter cells, each one containing an identical copy of DNA.
As simple as it looks, this process is incredibly complicated and requires even more fascinating molecular machines to accomplish it. Let’s look at a single chromosome. One chromosome consists of two sausage-shaped chromatids - containing the identical copies of DNA made earlier. Each chromatid is attached to microtubule fibers, which guide and help align them in the correct position. The microtubules are connected to the chromatid at the kinetochore, here colored red.
The kinetochore consists of hundreds of proteins working together to achieve multiple objectives - it’s one of the most sophisticated molecular mechanisms inside your body. The kinetochore is central to the successful separation of the chromatids. It creates a dynamic connection between the chromosome and the microtubules. For a reason no one’s yet been able to figure out, the microtubules are constantly being built at one end and deconstructed at the other.
While the chromosome is still getting ready, the kinetochore sends out a chemical stop signal to the rest of the cell, shown here by the red molecules, basically saying this chromosome is not yet ready to divide
The kinetochore also mechanically senses tension. When the tension is just right and the position and attachment are correct all the proteins get ready, shown here by turning green.
At this point the stop signal broadcasting system is not switched off. Instead it is literally carried away from the kinetochore down the microtubules by a dynein motor. This is really what it looks like. It has long ‘legs’ so it can avoid obstacles and step over the kinesins, molecular motors walking the other direction.

Studio filming by Raquel Nuno

The Vikings suffered many hardships living in the north of Europe: long, cold winters and importantly a lack of sunlight. Luckily, they had cod.
Check out Vitamania: https://ve42.co/cod

When making a video about vitamins I thought the story would mainly be about supplement pills, whether we should or shouldn't take them and how they're made. But what I found out is vitamins have a remarkable story that affects many more aspects of our lives. For example the Vikings needed a source of vitamin D to last the dark winter months and for their children to develop strong, healthy bones, avoiding rickets.

Special thanks to Patreon supporters:
a human, Albert Jachowicz-Brzeziński, Alfred Wallace, Arjun Chakroborty, Brent Stewart, Chris Vargas, Chuck Lauer Vose, Clip Tree, Coale Shifflett, Colin Bellmore, DALE HORNE, Eric Velazquez, Fedor Indutny, Fran Rodriguez, James Wong, Jasper Xin, Joar Wandborg, Johnny, Jorge Angel Sandoval, June Kang, Kevin Beavers, Kishore Tipirneni, Levan Ferr, Listen Money Matters, Manuel Zürcher, Mark Bevilacqua, Mathias Göransson, Michael Bradley Wirz, Michael Krugman, Mohammed Al Sahaf, Nicholas Hastings, OddJosh, Patrick Čalija, Peter Tajti, Philipp Volgger, Roberto Rezende, Robin DeBank, Ron Neal, Stan Presolski, Swante Scholz, Tiago Bruno, Tige Thorman, Warrior8252

This video was filmed by Harry Panagiotidis
Researched and written by Derek Muller and Jonny Hyman
Editing, animation and music by Jonny Hyman
Cod liver oil animation by Iván Tello
Vitamania was written, directed and produced by Sonya Pemberton

Why do spikes form on ice cubes? Without them the world would be vastly different.
Awesome Jingle by Accent: http://bit.ly/AccentVe
Thanks to Prof. Stephen Morris from UofT: http://bit.ly/1GFANBE

Filmed in part by Martin Marek in Olomouc, Czech Republic

Time lapse of a growing ice spike by Lesley Hill, Russ Sampson and Edward Lozowski, with technical help by Kenny Lozowski.

Ice spike image by Dan and Lynn Wolaver: http://wolaver.org/log/09.11.29.htm

Concerned ice spike video by rocknut420: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GwM0we_t94c

Earth footage courtesy of NASA: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G4BPOEmugtM

Ice vase image by PgunnG: http://www.reddit.com/r/pics/c....omments/1voeqk/so_i_

Second ice vase image by A K Haart: http://akhaart.blogspot.com/20....15_01_01_archive.htm

Scientists are being inspired by nature to design the next generation of security devices. Arrays of nanoscale holes create beautiful reflected colours that are almost impossible to forge. This video was supported by TechNyou - check out their series on logical fallacies: http://bit.ly/WBsD31

Soon these nanoscale security devices could replace holograms. They are many times more reflective than holograms, and although the structures are smaller scale, they are lower aspect ratio and therefore easy to manufacture in bulk.

The electron wiggle simulation is from PhET, the best physics simulations ever: http://phet.colorado.edu

Special thanks to Thomas from Copenhagen who showed me around the city including the science museum where he assisted with the soap bubble demonstration.

Clint Landrock is the Chief Technology Officer for Nanotech Securities: http://www.nanosecurity.ca

Music is "Firefly in a Fairytale" by Gareth Coker

What is the specious present? And how do our brains perceive time?
Get a 30-day free trial on Audible: http://bit.ly/AudibleVe
More info about this topic: http://wke.lt/w/s/z8TeR

For a report on ABC's Catalyst program (http://www.abc.net.au/catalyst/), I visited the Large Hadron Collider in Switzerland to find out what is being done now that the Higgs Boson has been discovered.

Although its mass has been measured around 125-126 GeV most of the other properties of the particle remain unknown. Its spin appears to be 0 or 2 but more results are required to nail this down. If it is the standard model Higgs, the spin should be 0, resulting in a fairly symmetric distribution of decay products in the detectors.

We may know this year if it's not the standard model Higgs - this would be the case if it doesn't decay into specific particles with the expected frequency. However if it is the standard model Higgs, it may take many more years to be certain. The large hadron collider will be shut down in 2013 for upgrades so that higher energies up to 14 TeV can be tested. Right now the LHC is operating at 8 TeV. The next announcement is expected in December.

The nutrient content of food is declining. Is it because of soil depletion, selective breeding, or... something else?
Watch my new documentary, VITAMANIA: http://ve42.co/vita

I came across this story as I was making the film Vitamania. When you ask sellers of vitamins why you should take vitamin supplements even if you eat a healthy diet, they will say because our food doesn't contain all the nutrients it once did. This is supposedly due to soil depletion, cold storage, food ripening off the vine, and global transport of out-of-season foods. And to an extent this is true. Foods contain the greatest amount of nutrients if they are eaten soon after they are harvested. An unexpected source of nutrient decline is the increasing amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. It causes plants to grow faster and bulk up on carbs but at the expense of other nutrients, so in percentage terms the amount of nutrients are actually declining. For now this decline is modest so supplementing with vitamin pills is probably unnecessary for most people with a healthy diet but it may be a concern in future.

Thanks to Kate Pappas & Chris Kamen for writing, producing and filming this video with me
Edited by Lucy McCallum
Sound mix by Wayne Hyett
Fact Checking by Calvin Lee and Claire Smith
Thanks to the Collingwood Children’s Farm and Glenn Fitzgerald from the University of Melbourne & Agriculture Victoria

Further Reading:

https://www.sciencedirect.com/....science/article/pii/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p....ubmed/15637215/?ncbi
http://soils.wisc.edu/facstaff..../barak/poster_galler
https://www.politico.com/agend....a/story/2017/09/13/f
http://www.abc.net.au/news/201....8-05-24/scientists-w

Do negative air ions improve mood, anxiety, depression, alertness?
Part of this video was sponsored by LastPass, click here to find out more: http://bit.ly/2RZZTZk

Special thanks to Prof. Jack Beauchamp and Dr. Nathan Dalleska from Caltech for all their help running these experiments and discussing the research. For more, check out the links below:
http://www.cce.caltech.edu/peo....ple/jesse-l-jack-bea
http://beckmaninstitute.caltech.edu/eac.shtml

If you want to dig into the research on negative ions yourself, I suggest starting with the review studies:

Air ions and mood outcomes: a review and meta-analysis.
Perez V, Alexander DD, Bailey WH.
BMC Psychiatry. 2013 Jan 15;13:29.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23320516

Air ions and respiratory function outcomes: a comprehensive review
Dominik D Alexander, William H Bailey, Vanessa Perez, Meghan E Mitchell, and Steave Su
J Negat Results Biomed. 2013; 12: 14.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p....mc/articles/PMC38485

Exposure of laboratory animals to small air ions: a systematic review of biological and behavioral studies.
Bailey WH, Williams AL, Leonhard MJ.
Biomed Eng Online. 2018 Jun 5; 17(1):72.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29866122

Thumbnail photography by Raquel Nuno

VFX by Alan Chamberlain

Sound recording by Whitney Clavin

Motion Graphics by Charlie Kilman

Music from Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com "Capture a Picture 1" and "Seaweed"

Higher: http://bit.ly/blockhigher
Same height: http://bit.ly/SameHeight
Lower: http://bit.ly/BlockLower

Special Thanks to:
Henry (MinutePhysics): http://www.youtube.com/minutephysics
Destin (Smarter Every Day): http://www.youtube.com/smartereveryday
Greg and Mitch (ASAP Science): http://youtube.com/asapscience
Elise Andrew (I F***ing Love Science): http://youtube.com/iflscience

Thanks to everyone at RIT and Dickinson College who helped with the making of this video:
Rochester Institute of Technology
Robert Teese, Katelyn Wilkerson, Andrew Gillie, Andrew Stidwill

Dickinson College
This experiment was the brainchild of David Jackson based on a demo at Princeton.
Priscilla Laws, Catrina Hamilton-Drager, Maxine Willis

High-speed camera support:
Charles Zwemer and Bria Antoine

When a tube spins with an X and an O labelled at either end, why do we see only one letter during the rotation?

How the brain works, how we learn, and why we sometimes make stupid mistakes.
Submit ideas: http://ve42.co/GotIdeas
Apply to work with me: http://ve42.co/JoinUs

Thanks to Patreon supporters:
Nathan Hansen, Donal Botkin, Tony Fadell, Zach Mueller, Ron Neal

Support Veritasium on Patreon: http://bit.ly/VePatreon

This video was inspired by the book Thinking Fast and Slow by Daniel Kahneman

Harpist: Lara Somogyi http://ve42.co/Lara
Animator: Jesse Agar http://ve42.co/ThisPlace
Filmed by Raquel Nuno

Music by Kevin MacLeod, http://incompetech.com "Sneaky Adventure" "Harlequin"

Why does shaken soda explode? Does ice melt first in fresh or salt water?
Thank you Squarespace for sponsoring this video. Go to https://squarespace.com to save 10% off your first purchase of a website or domain using code: VERITASIUM

This video features experiments that have been shown to me by science teachers over the years. Does ice melt fast in salt water or fresh water was an experiment introduced to me at the Utah Science Teachers' conference. The ring of metal over a chain demo came from a teachers event in Florida. The idea shaking a carbonated drink increases pressure came from an email.

Special thanks to Petr Lebedev for building the pressure gauge.

Links to literature are below:
Victims of the pop bottle, by Ted Willhoft. New Scientist, 21 August 1986 p.28

Carbonation speculation
The Physics Teacher 30, 173 (1992); https://doi.org/10.1119/1.2343501

Agitation solution
The Physics Teacher 30, 325 (1992); https://doi.org/10.1119/1.2343556

Filmed by Cristian Carretero, Jordan Schnabel, Jonny Hyman, and Raquel Nuno

Music from https://epidemicsound.com "Seaweed" "Quietly Tense" "Mind Shift" "Observations"

Why do droplets of food coloring attract, repel, and chase each other?
Snatoms molecular models: http://igg.me/at/snatoms
More about this topic: http://wke.lt/w/s/VRjRQ

Original paper on droplets: http://stanford.edu/~manup/doc....s/Cira_DancingDrople
Marangoni Flow: http://web.mit.edu/2.21/www/Le....c-notes/Surfacetensi
Surface Energy: https://itf.fys.kuleuven.be/~j....oi/papers/Wetting%20

Filming and master pipetting by Raquel Nuno
Research and writing by Aaron White

Boredom makes you more creative, altruistic, introspective, and helps with autobiographical planning.
This video was sponsored by LastPass: http://bit.ly/2wAsdUu

I feel like this video might come across as condescending but the person I'm really talking to is myself. Despite the fact that I know how useful it can be to be bored, I still find myself trying to fill every last moment with stimulus. Boredom is unpleasant - the open, unstructured thinking that can take place can also feel pointless. But now I'm made this video to remind myself how important boredom is so hopefully I'll make more time to be bored.

More resources:

The boredom leads people to shock themselves study:
Just Think: The challenges of the disengaged mind
https://wjh-www.harvard.edu/~d....tg/WILSON%20ET%20AL%

Boredom leads people to consider their future and set goals study:
Back to the future: Autobiographical planning and the functionality of mind-wandering
https://www.sciencedirect.com/....science/article/pii/

On boredom and altruism:
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.o....rg/ca72/0f959d3c9c31

Does boredom make us more creative?
https://www.tandfonline.com/do....i/abs/10.1080/104004

Amazing filming by Raquel Nuno

Music from http://epidemicsound.com "I Think I Was There" "Critical Thinking 2" "Wide Open" "Seaweed" "A Sound Foundation 1"

Music also by Kevin MacLeod http://incompetech.com "Fig Leaf Rag"

Explanation of gyro precession: http://bit.ly/U4e8HQ
More: http://bit.ly/GyroMORE
Less Than: http://bit.ly/GyroLESS
Equal To: http://bit.ly/GyroEQUAL

Huge thanks to A/Prof Emeritus Rod Cross, Helen Georgiou for filming, Alex Yeung, and Chris Stewart, the University of Sydney Mechanical Engineering shop, Duncan and co. Ralph and the School of Physics.

In this video I attempt to lift a 19kg (42 lbs) wheel over my head one-handed while it's spinning at a few thousand RPM. This replicates an earlier experiment by Professor Eric Laithwaite. He claimed the wheel was 'light as a feather' and could not be explained by Newton's Laws. I wanted to find out for myself what I really felt like.

Music By Kevin MacLeod www.Incompetech.com "Tempting Secrets"

In 2018 the kg will be defined by Planck's constant, not a hunk of metal.
Try a free book from Audible for 30 days http://ve42.co/audible
Special thanks to the staff at NIST who made this possible: Darine Haddad, Jon Pratt, Stephan Schlamminger, and Ben Stein.

Additional footage and animations by Sean Kelley, Jennifer Lauren Lee, and Frank Seifert.

I have been obsessed with measurement for a long time and I'm not sure quite how it happened. The world's roundest object played a role in this. I guess I'm just fascinated by how difficult it is to pin down a quantity like a kilogram. A physical object seemed like a good idea until the mass of the international prototype kilogram wasn't as constant as expected. These methods of the Kibble balance and silicon sphere have shown better precision than 20 parts per billion, making them superior to the old method. The agreement between Avogadro approaches

Special thanks to Patreon Supporters:
Tony Fadell, Donal Botkin, Jeff Straathof, Zach Mueller, Ron Neal, Nathan Hansen

Support Veritasium on Patreon: http://ve42.co/patreon

Interferometer video by TSG Physics: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j-u3IEgcTiQ

Music from http://epidemicsound.com "ExperiMental1" by Gunnar Johnsén

Studio filming by Raquel Nuno