Want more videos about psychology every Monday and Thursday? Check out our sister channel SciShow Psych at https://www.youtube.com/scishowpsych!

***

So, what do Batman and J.R.R. Tolkien have in common? Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. It used to be called "Shellshock" and it can be really really really destructive. In this episode of Crash Course Psychology, Hank lays out the low down on PTSD and how trauma can affect the brain. Plus, a look at how addiction can play into trauma and the different types of treatments used to help those afflicted.

--
Table of Contents:

PTSD: Causes and Symptoms 01:57:18
How Trauma Can Affect the Brain 05:12:09
Addiction 07:08:18
Trauma and Addiction 07:41:17
Dual Treatment Model 08:24:07
Post-Traumatic Growth 06:31:00
The Wise Frodo Baggins 00:00

--
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Hank takes us on the fascinating journey through our excretory system to learn how our kidneys make pee.

Crash Course Biology is now available on DVD! http://dft.ba/-8bCC

Like CrashCourse on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Follow CrashCourse on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse

References
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/fa....culty/farabee/biobk/
http://www.khanacademy.org/sci....ence/biology/v/the-k
Campbell Biology, 9th ed.

Table of Contents
1) Homeostasis & Osmoregulation 00:00
2) Urea & Uric Acid 01:30
3) Kidneys 02:49
4) Nephron 03:40
5) Glomerulus 4:15
6) Bowman's Capsule 04:25
7) Proximal Convoluted Tubule 04:49
8) Biolography 06:16
9) Loop of Henle 07:36
10) Distal Convoluted Tubule 09:23
11) Collecting Ducts 09:57
12) Ureters, Bladder & Urethra 10:45

crashcourse, crash course, biology, science, human, anatomy, physiology, homeostasis, organ, urine, urinary, kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra, osmoregulation, balance, metabolism, ammonia, urea, uric acid, toxicity, blood, nephron, renal artery, glomerulus, bowman's capsule, filtrate, loop of henle, renal cortex, renal medulla, freidrich henle, diuretic, anti-diuretic hormone, kangaroo rat, beaver, pee, osmosis Support CrashCourse on Subbable: http://subbable.com/crashcourse

In which John Green teaches you about the Little Ice Age. The Little Ice Age was a period of global cooling that occurred from the 13th to the 19th centuries. This cooling was likely caused by a number of factors, including unusual solar activity and volcanic eruptions. The Little Ice Age greatly impacted human social orders, especially during the 17th century. When the climate changed, and weather became unpredictable, the world changed profoundly. Poor harvests led to hunger, which led to even less productivity, which even resulted in violent upheaval in a lot of places. All this from a little change in the temperature? Definitely.

You can directly support Crash Course at https://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Subscribe for as little as $0 to keep up with everything we're doing. Free is nice, but if you can afford to pay a little every month, it really helps us to continue producing this content.

Read more about The Little Ice Age here: http://www.amazon.com/Global-C....risis-Climate-Catast

You can directly support Crash Course at https://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Subscribe for as little as $0 to keep up with everything we're doing. Free is nice, but if you can afford to pay a little every month, it really helps us to continue producing this content.

In which John Green teaches you about the end of the Cold War and the presidency of George H.W. Bush. It was neither the best of times, nor the worst of times. On the domestic front, the first president Bush inherited the relative prosperity of the later Reagan years, and watched that prosperity evaporate. That was about all the interest Bush 41 had, domestically, so let's move to foreign policy, which was a bigger deal at this time. The biggie was the end of the Cold War, which is the title of the video, so you know it's important. The collapse of the Soviet Union was the biggest deal of Bush's term, and history has assigned the credit to Ronald Reagan. We give the guy a break, and say that he helped. He was certainly expert in foreign policy, having been and envoy to China, ambassador to the United Nations, and head of the CIA. Bush also oversaw the first Gulf War, which was something of a success, in that the primary mission was accomplished, and the vast majority of the troops were home in short order. It didn't do much to address some of the other problems in the region, but we'll get to that in the next few weeks. Along with all this, you'll learn about Bush's actions, or lack thereof, in Somalia and the Balkans, and you'll even be given an opportunity to read Bush's lips.

Thanks to Michael Williams at http://www.mylifeinplastic.com for the Barbies.

Crash Course World History is now available on DVD! Visit http://dft.ba/-CCWHDVD to buy a set for your home or classroom.

Hey teachers and students - Check out CommonLit's free collection of reading passages and curriculum resources to learn more about the events of this episode. During President H.W. Bush’s time in office, he oversaw the U.S. response to the fall of the Berlin Wall and end of the USSR: https://www.commonlit.org/texts/the-berlin-wall

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In which John Green teaches you about the presidency of Andrew Jackson So how did a president with astoundingly bad fiscal policies end up on the $20 bill? That's a question we can't answer, but we can tell you how Jackson got to be president, and how he changed the country when he got the job. Jackson's election was more democratic than any previous presidential election. More people were able to vote, and they picked a doozie. Jackson was a well-known war hero, and he was elected over his longtime political enemy, John Quincy Adams. Once Jackson was in office, he did more to expand executive power than any of the previous occupants of the White House. He used armed troops to collect taxes, refused to enforce legislation and supreme court legislation, and hired and fired his staff based on support in elections. He was also the first president to regularly wield the presidential veto as a political tool. Was he a good president? Watch this video and draw your own conclusions. Support CrashCourse on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/crashcourse

Hey teachers and students - Check out CommonLit's free collection of reading passages and curriculum resources to learn more about the events of this episode. On of Andrew Jackson's most lasting and memorable policies was that of Indian removal: https://www.commonlit.org/text....s/andrew-jackson-s-s
Jackson’s promotion of this cause led to the infamous Trail of Tears: https://www.commonlit.org/text....s/excerpt-from-trail

Hank fills us in on the endocrine system - the system of glands which produce and secrete different types of hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate the body's growth, metabolism, and sexual development & function.

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References for this episode can be found in the Google document here: http://dft.ba/-1lsU

Table of Contents
1) Signalling Systems 2:07:0
2) Pituitary 3:19:1
3) Hypothalamus 4:17:1
4) Thyroid 4:52:1
5) Adrenal 5:38:1
6) Pancreas 6:51:1
7) Biolography 8:49:2

biology, crash course, crashcourse, hank green, anatomy, physiology, endocrine system, hormone, gland, human, body, science, exocrine, pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads, paracrine signalling, autocrine signalling, signal receptor, steroids, peptides, monoamines, brain, hypothalamus, oxytocin, negative feedback loop, kidney, stress, ACTH, epinephrine, organ, glucose, insulin, glucagon, testes, androgen, testosterone, ovaries, estrogen, progestin, estradiol, progesterone, sex, alfred jost, embryologist, secretion, embryonic development, embryo, mammal, fetal development, puberty, reproductive organs Support CrashCourse on Subbable: http://subbable.com/crashcourse

Hank introduces us to one of the most diverse and important families in the tree of life - the vascular plants. These plants have found tremendous success and the their secret is also their defining trait: conductive tissues that can take food and water from one part of a plant to another part. Though it sounds simple, the ability to move nutrients and water from one part of an organism to another was a evolutionary breakthrough for vascular plants, allowing them to grow exponentially larger, store food for lean times, and develop features that allowed them to spread farther and faster. Plants dominated the earth long before animals even showed up, and even today hold the world records for the largest, most massive, and oldest organisms on the planet.

Crash Course Biology is now available on DVD! http://dft.ba/-8bCC

Like CrashCourse @ http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
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Table of Contents
1) 3 Tissue Types 02:37
2) Primary Growth 03:04
3) Secondary Growth 03:28
4) Dermal Tissue 04:47
a) Epidermis 04:54
5) Parenchyma Cells 05:39
6) Vascular Tissue 05:58
7) Xylem 05:58
8) Collenchyma 07:10
9) Sclerenchyma 07:35
10) Ground Tissue 08:25
a) Mesophyll 08:17
b) Photosynthesis 08:47
11) Phloem 09:54

References
http://www.uic.edu/classes/bio....s/bios100/lecturesf0
http://www.deseretnews.com/art....icle/700071982/Centr
http://www.popsci.com/science/....article/2012-02/2000


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You can directly support Crash Course at http://www.subbable.com/crashcourse Subscribe for as little as $0 to keep up with everything we're doing. Also, if you can afford to pay a little every month, it really helps us to continue producing great content.

***

In this episode of Crash Course, Hank introduces you to the complex history and terminology of Anatomy & Physiology.

--

Table of Contents:

Anatomy: The Structure of Parts 2:34
Physiology: How Parts Function 3:50
Complementarity of Structure & Function 4:09
Hierarchy of Organization 4:20
Directional Terms 7:27

--

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Hank guides us through the process of natural selection, the key mechanism of evolution.

Crash Course Biology is now available on DVD! http://dftba.com/product/1av/C....rashCourse-Biology-T

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Table of Contents:
1) Natural Selection 1:27
2) Adaptation 2:56
3) Fitness 3:36
4) Four Principals 3:54
a. Variations 4:01
b. Heritability 4:17
c. "The Struggle for Existence" 4:25
d. Survival and Reproductive Rates 5:00
5) Biolography 5:59
6) Modes of Selection 7:40
a. Directional Selection 8:17
b. Stabilizing Selection 8:56
c. Disruptive Selection 9:27
7) Sexual Selection 10:22
8) Artificial Selection 11:24

References for this episode can be found in the Google document here: http://dft.ba/-2Ank

This video uses the following sounds from Freesound.org:
"20071104.forest.04.binaural.mp3" by dobroide
"ForestBirds.wav" by HerbertBoland

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I'm sure you've all heard about Isaac Newton and that apple that fell on his head and how that was a huge deal to our understanding of gravity. Well... let's talk about that. In this episode of Crash Course Physics, Shini sits down to talk about the realities of the apple story and how Newtonian Gravity is more than a little important.


***

Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios

Help PBSDS win a Webby Award by voting here: https://pv.webbyawards.com/201....6/online-film-video/

Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse

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Want more videos about psychology every Monday and Thursday? Check out our sister channel SciShow Psych at https://www.youtube.com/scishowpsych!

***
In this episode of Crash Course Psychology, Hank tackles some difficult topics dealing with prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination.
There's a lot here, so let's get started.

If you are currently in need of help: http://www.mentalhealth.gov/get-help/

--
Table of Contents:

Prejudice, Stereotyping, & Discrimination 00:00
Prejudice Can Often Be Non-Conscious 02:03
Implicit Association Test or AIT 04:23
Ingroup-Outgroup Phenomenon 07:08
In-Group Bias 07:48

--
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Hank introduces us to comparative anatomy, which studies the similarities and differences in animal anatomy to support the theory of evolution and the shared ancestry of living things.

Crash Course Biology is now available on DVD! http://dft.ba/-8css

Like Crash Course on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
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References:
Campbell Biology, 9th ed.
CliffsAP Biology, 3rd ed.
Thomas Henry Huxley: http://www.strangescience.net/huxley.htm
Tissues: http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acar....pi/NSC/14-anatomy.ht
Divergence time estimates for the early history of animal phyla...
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pm....c/articles/PMC168965

Table of Contents:
1) Comparative Anatomy 0:00
2) Locomotion 1:19
3) Heterotophy 1:41
4) Convergent Evolution 2:40
5) Biolography 3:40
6) Tissues 6:00
a) Epithelial Tissue 6:11
b) Connective Tissue 6:33
c) Muscle Tissue 7:01
d) Nerve Tissue 7:14
7) Organs 7:32
8) Organ Systems 7:39

crashcourse, crash course, biology, comparative anatomy, evolution, ancestry, animal, kingdom, locomotion, organism, heterotroph, heterotrophy, convergent evolution, vertebrate, environment, thomas henry huxley, paleontology, agnostic, dinosaurs, charles darwin, prehistoric, fossil, tissue, epithelial tissue, connective tissue, nerve tissue, muscle tissue, organ Support CrashCourse on Subbable: http://subbable.com/crashcourse

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Today, we continue our exploration of fluids and fluid dynamics. How do fluids act when they're in motion? How does pressure in different places change water flow? And what is one of the motion annoying things about filming outside on a nice day? I'll give you a hint on that last one... it's lawn mowers.

In this episode of Crash Course Physics, Shini talks to us about how Fluids in Motion are really, really, REALLY powerful things.

--

Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios

--

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In which John Green teaches you how to assess the sources of information you find on the internet. The growing suspicion of expertise is a growing problem on the internet, and it can be very difficult to figure out which sources are authoritative. In this episode John offers some strategies to help you identify credible sources and take into account a source's point of view.

Special thanks to our partners from MediaWise who helped create this series:
The Poynter Institute
The Stanford History Education Group (sheg.stanford.edu)

Follow MediaWise and their fact-checking work across social:
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MediaWise is supported by Google.

Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse

Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:

Eric Prestemon, Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, Naman Goel, Patrick Wiener II, Nathan Catchings, Efrain R. Pedroza, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Indika Siriwardena, James Hughes, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Satya Ridhima Parvathaneni, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, SR Foxley, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Jirat, Ian Dundore
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You can directly support Crash Course at http://www.subbable.com/crashcourse Subscribe for as little as $0 to keep up with everything we're doing. Also, if you can afford to pay a little every month, it really helps us to continue producing great content.

Did you know that Polymers save the lives of Elephants? Well, now you do! The world of Polymers is so amazingly integrated into our daily lives that we sometimes forget how amazing they are. Here, Hank talks about how they were developed an the different types of Polymers that are common in the world today, including some that may surprise you.

--
Table of Contents

Commercial Polymers & Saved Elephants 0:00
Ethene AKA Ethylene 2:29
Addition Reactions 3:08
Ethene Based Polymers 4:44
Addition Polymerization & Condensation Reactions 6:32
Proteins & Other Natural Polymers 8:33
--
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The way light behaves can seem very counter intuitive, and many physicists would agree with that, but once you figure out light waves it all starts to make more sense! In this episode of Crash Course Physics, Shini shows us how we know that light exists as a wave and why that's really cool!

Want more Crash Course in person? We'll be at NerdCon: Nerdfighteria in Boston on February 25th and 26th! For more information, go to http://www.nerdconnerdfighteria.com/

***

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The Latest from PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list...

--

Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios

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Symphonic Adiemus, the new album from Karl Jenkins is available for pre-order: https://lnk.to/KJSAID
Sir Karl Jenkins presents Symphonic Adiemus, the new album, of epic proportions. Brand new recordings of the greatest moments from the Adiemus series features an extended orchestra of over 100, including over 20 layers of classical and ethnic percussion, and a choir of 80. With judicious use of multi-tracking, there are sometimes over 400 participants heard at any one time.

Symphonic Adiemus – the best of Karl Jenkins as you’ve never heard it before.

Includes:
In Caelum Fero
Chorale: Za Ma Ba
Adiemus
Song Of The Spirit
Chorale: Elegia
Kayama
Tintinabulum Part I
Tintinabulum Part II
Chorale: Cantilena
Zarabanda
Chorale: Hymn
Song Of The Plains

Music video by Karl Jenkins performing Chorale: Elegia. (C) 2017 Karl Jenkins Music Ltd., under exclusive license to Universal Music Operations Limited.

http://vevo.ly/BNpbaO

Symphonic Adiemus, the new album from Karl Jenkins is available for pre-order: https://lnk.to/KJSAID
Sir Karl Jenkins presents Symphonic Adiemus, the new album, of epic proportions. Brand new recordings of the greatest moments from the Adiemus series features an extended orchestra of over 100, including over 20 layers of classical and ethnic percussion, and a choir of 80. With judicious use of multi-tracking, there are sometimes over 400 participants heard at any one time.

Symphonic Adiemus – the best of Karl Jenkins as you’ve never heard it before.

Includes:
In Caelum Fero
Chorale: Za Ma Ba
Adiemus
Song Of The Spirit
Chorale: Elegia
Kayama
Tintinabulum Part I
Tintinabulum Part II
Chorale: Cantilena
Zarabanda
Chorale: Hymn
Song Of The Plains


Music video by Karl Jenkins performing In Caelum Fero. (C) 2017 Karl Jenkins Music Ltd., under exclusive license to Universal Music Operations Limited.

http://vevo.ly/tEp64s

Provided to YouTube by Universal Music Group

Zarabanda · Karl Jenkins · London Philharmonic Choir · Adiemus Symphony Orchestra Of Europe

Symphonic Adiemus

℗ A Decca Records recording; ℗ 2017 Karl Jenkins Music Ltd., under exclusive license to Universal Music Operations Limited.

Released on: 2017-09-29

Conductor, Producer: Karl Jenkins
Conductor: Peter Pejtsik
Choir: London Philharmonic Choir
Associated Performer, Chorus Director: Neville Creed
Orchestra: Adiemus Symphony Orchestra Of Europe
Associated Performer, Flute: Emma Halnan
Associated Performer, Percussion: Zands Duggan
Associated Performer, Percussion, Producer, Studio Personnel, Editor, Recording Engineer: Jody Jenkins
Associated Performer, Concertmaster: Balazs Buitor
Associated Performer, Concertmaster: Gergely Kuklis
Studio Personnel, Recording Engineer, Mix Engineer: Simon Changer
Studio Personnel, Asst. Recording Engineer: Chris Parker
Studio Personnel, Recording Engineer: Tamas Kurina
Studio Personnel, Asst. Recording Engineer: Peter Barabas
Producer, Associate Producer: Carol Barratt
Studio Personnel, Mastering Engineer: Andrew Walter
Associated Performer, Flute: Harry Witstanley
Associated Performer, Flute: Claire Wickes
Associated Performer, Piccolo: Gareth McLearnon
Associated Performer, Clarinet: Jon Carnac
Associated Performer, Clarinet: Duncan Ashby
Associated Performer, Bass Clarinet: David Fuest
Associated Performer, Oboe: Jenny Brittlebank
Associated Performer, Oboe: Janey Miller
Associated Performer, Cor Anglais: Ilid Jones
Associated Performer, Bassoon: Julie Andrews
Associated Performer, Bassoon: Richard Skinner
Associated Performer, Contra Bassoon: Ruth Rosales
Associated Performer, French Horn: John Thurgood
Associated Performer, French Horn: Joseph Walters
Associated Performer, French Horn: Pip Eastop
Associated Performer, French Horn: Dave Bentley
Associated Performer, Trumpet: Christopher Deacon
Associated Performer, Trumpet: Simon Munday
Associated Performer, Trumpet: David Geoghegan
Associated Performer, Trombone: Becky Smith
Associated Performer, Trombone: Peter Beachill
Associated Performer, Bass Trombone: Robert Collinson
Associated Performer, Tuba: Peter Smith
Associated Performer, Timpani: Scott Bywater
Composer Lyricist: Karl Jenkins

Auto-generated by YouTube.

Provided to YouTube by Universal Music Group

Jenkins: Dona Nobis Pacem (Part I) · Adiemus · Karl Jenkins · The Adiemus Singers · London Philharmonic Orchestra

Adiemus V - Vocalise

℗ A Decca Records Recording; ℗ 2003 Karl Jenkins Music Ltd, under exclusive licence to Universal Music Operations Limited

Released on: 2019-01-01

Conductor, Producer: Karl Jenkins
Choir: The Adiemus Singers
Studio Personnel, Engineer: Guy Wiffen
Studio Personnel, Mixer: Steven Price
Producer, Executive Producer: Helen Connolly
Orchestra: London Philharmonic Orchestra
Producer: Jody K. Jenkins
Composer, Author: Karl Jenkins

Auto-generated by YouTube.