In which John Green examines the French Revolution, and gets into how and why it differed from the American Revolution. Was it the serial authoritarian regimes? The guillotine? The Reign of Terror? All of this and more contributed to the French Revolution not being quite as revolutionary as it could have been. France endured multiple constitutions, the heads of heads of state literally rolled, and then they ended up with a megalomaniacal little emperor by the name of Napoleon. But how did all of this change the world, and how did it lead to other, more successful revolutions around the world? Watch this video and find out. Spoiler alert: Marie Antoinette never said, "Let them eat cake." Sorry.

Crash Course World History is now available on DVD! http://store.dftba.com/product....s/crashcourse-world-

Follow us!
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Thermidor (which is this month) is Revolutions month on Crash Course!

The American Revolution: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HlUiSBXQHCw

Coming soon:

#30 - Haitian Revolution
#31 - Latin American Revolutions
#32 - Industrial Revolution

Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse

Crash Course A&P continues the journey through sensory systems with a look at how your sense of hearing works. We follow sounds as they work there way into the ear where they are registered and transformed into action potentials. This mechanism not only helps you hear but also helps maintain your equilibrium.

Table of Contents
Choclea, Basilar Membrane, and Hair Cells Register and Transduct Sound into Action Potentials
The Vestibular Apparatus Responds to Specific Motions
Keep Your Equilibrium 7:36


***

Crash Course is now on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse

Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:

Mark Brouwer, Jan Schmid, Steve MarshallAnna-Ester Volozh, Sandra Aft, Brad Wardell, Christian Ludvigsen, Robert Kunz, Jason, A Saslow, Jacob Ash, Jeffrey Thompson, Jessica Simmons, James Craver, Simun Niclasen, SR Foxley, Roger C. Rocha, Nevin, Spoljaric, Eric Knight, Elliot Beter, Jessica Wode

***SUBBABLE MESSAGES***

TO: My Student
FROM: Earle

Check out www.youtube.com/amorsciendi for supplementary content.

--

TO: Everyone
FROM: Magnus Krokstad

Keep dreaming!

***SUPPORTER THANK YOU!***

Thank you so much to all of our awesome supporters for their contributions to help make Crash Course possible and freely available for everyone forever:

Belinda Pearson
Caroline S.
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--

Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
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Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse

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Visit me on FB: https://www.facebook.com/LeonardoPereznieto
Follow Fine Art Tips on Google+: http://goo.gl/TqsmiJ

Do you want to help me translating it into your language?
(Note: First check if it hasn´t been translated already by pressing the "CC" button on the lower part of the video).
All you need to do is to please translate the file at the link below and send it to me:
https://drive.google.com/file/....d/0B0UOw8r7hWG2VkV3V

Visit: http://www.fineartebooks.com/ for free drawing tutorials.

If you would like to invest in a drawing, painting or sculpture by Leonardo Pereznieto, or to hire him for workshops or lectures, please write to: info@leopereznieto.com (Business only, not for personal messages.)

List of materials:

Mechanical pencil with a 0.7mm, 2B lead
Mondeluz 12 aquarelle coloured pencils
MagicRub FaberCastell eraser
Fabriano white drawing paper, fine grain
Soft, natural brush

If you would like to see photos and brands of my tools, please go to my blog about materials with the following link:

http://www.fineartebooks.com/howtodraw_drawingschool/My_Blog/Entries/2012/8/1_My_materials.html

You may also follow me on:

My Blog: http://www.fineartebooks.com/howtodraw_drawingschool/My_Blog/My_Blog.html

My Twitter: https://twitter.com/#!/ArtistLeonardo

Fine Art Tips on Google+: http://goo.gl/TqsmiJ

My Google+ page as an artist (with my sculptures, paintings, etc): http://goo.gl/n7p96D

My Instagram: http://instagram.com/artistleonardo

My LinkedIn: http://www.linkedin.com/profile/view?id=89957576&trk=tab_pro

My Vine: https://vine.co/v/hKnn3rbwJmT

My Pinterest: http://pinterest.com/ArtistLeonardo/

My VK: http://vk.com/leonardopereznieto

My website Leonardo Pereznieto: http://www.leonardopereznieto.com/leo/Intro.html

I wish you great creations!

Audio file(s) provided by http://www.audiomicro.com

This tutorial shows How to Draw an Eagle's Head With Watercolor Pencils
Как нарисовать голову орла акварельными карандашами
Як Намалювати Голову Орла Акварельними Олівцями
Translated name of video: Wie man einen Adlerkopf mit Wasserfarbstiften zeichnet
Hur man målar ett örnhuvud med akvarellpennor

My drawing book: http://amzn.to/1K7L8Ed
Visit me on FB: https://www.facebook.com/LeonardoPereznieto
My website: http://www.ArtistLeonardo.com/
O Art Int: http://oartinternational.com/

Do you want to help me translating it into your language?
(Note: First check if it hasn´t been translated already by pressing the "CC" button on the lower part of the video).
All you need to do is to please go to the following link and translate. Thank you!:
http://www.youtube.com/timedtext_video?v=s2kPSGNlYfE&ref=share

If you would like to invest in a drawing, painting or sculpture by Leonardo Pereznieto, or to hire him for workshops or lectures, please write to: info@artistleonardo.com (Business only, not for personal messages.)

List of materials:

Mechanical pencil: ArtistLeonardo Tutto3, with 0.3mm 2H lead, 0.5 HB and 0.7 mm 2B lead
Schmincke watercolor set
Fabriano white watercolor paper, fine grain
Tintoretto watercolor round brushes #1, #2, #4 and flat 3/4 inch.

If you would like to see photos and brands of my tools, please go to my blog about materials with the following link:

http://fineart-tips.blogspot.m....x/2015/07/my-drawing


Download Fine Art-Tips mobile app:

On the Apple Store:

For iPhone/iPad free: https://itunes.apple.com/us/ap....p/fine-art-tips-draw

For iPhone/iPad, Premium: https://itunes.apple.com/us/ap....p/fine-art-tips-prem

On Google Play:

For Android free: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=allmax.fine.art.tips.free2&hl=en

For Android, Premium: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=allmax.fine.art.tips2&hl=en

You may also follow me on:

My Blog: http://fineart-tips.blogspot.mx/

My Twitter: https://twitter.com/#!/ArtistLeonardo

Fine Art Tips on Google+: http://goo.gl/TqsmiJ

My Google+ page as an artist (with my sculptures, paintings, etc): https://plus.google.com/+Artistleonardo/posts

My Instagram: http://instagram.com/artistleonardo

My LinkedIn: http://www.linkedin.com/profile/view?id=89957576&trk=tab_pro

My Vine: https://vine.co/v/hKnn3rbwJmT

My Pinterest: http://pinterest.com/ArtistLeonardo/

My VK: http://vk.com/leonardopereznieto

My website Leonardo Pereznieto: http://www.leonardopereznieto.com/leo/Intro.html

I wish you great creations!

Audio file(s) provided by http://www.audiomicro.com

This tutorial shows How to Paint Cherries in Watercolor

My How to Draw Book: http://amzn.to/1K7L8Ed

Subscribe on Patreon for longer videos: https://www.patreon.com/artistleonardo

Visit my FB Gallery: https://www.facebook.com/LeonardoPereznieto

Visit my website: http://www.artistleonardo.com/

Do you want to learn how to draw effects and different materials? Today I would teach you to draw, step by step, a drop of water, and I’ll show you who to apply this technic to a work of art. It is a realism challenge.

Subscribe to Fine Art-Tips for good drawing and painting advices. It’s time to see and understand art in a fun way!

Would you like longer videos? Subscribe on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/artistleonardo


List of materials:

Lead Holder (2mm leads), black. - See a similar one here: http://amzn.to/2kSuarK
H 2mm leads. See them here: http://amzn.to/2kWVjFU
Lead pointer - See it here: http://amzn.to/2ktexWH
Kneaded eraser Prismacolor - See it here: http://amzn.to/2cvi6G7
Soft, synthetic brush
Gray toned paper

Visit me on Google+ https://plus.google.com/u/0/11....1857897747330152383/

Visit: http://www.fineartebooks.com/ for free drawing tutorials.

If you want to invest in a drawing, painting or sculpture by Leonardo Pereznieto, please write to: info@leonardopereznieto.com

You may also follow me on:

My Blog: http://www.fineartebooks.com/howtodraw_drawingschool/My_Blog/Entries/2012/7/26_Day_of_longboarding.html

Twitter: https://twitter.com/#!/ArtistLeonardo

LinkedIn: http://www.linkedin.com/profile/view?id=89957576&trk=tab_pro

Google+: https://plus.google.com/u/0/11....1857897747330152383/

VK: http://vk.com/leonardopereznieto

Leonardo Pereznieto: http://www.leonardopereznieto.com/leo/Intro.html

By Leonardo Pereznieto

Do you want to help me translating the subtitles into your language?

(Note: First check if it hasn´t been translated already by pressing the "CC" button on the lower part of the video).

If not in your language, please use the following link to translate it: http://www.youtube.com/timedtext_video?v=82e3Osa83_w&ref=share

Thank you! :)

как рисовать капли воды
як малювати краплі води
كيفية رسم قطرة ماء
如何畫好水滴
hoe je een waterdruppel te trekken
comment dessiner une goutte d'eau
Wie zeichnet man eine Wasser-Tropfen
come disegnare una goccia d'acqua
jak narysować kroplę wody
como desenhar uma gota de água
cum să atragă o picătură de apă
hogyan kell felhívni a vízcsepp
cum să atragă o picătură de apă
hoe je een waterdruppel te trekken
如何画水滴（详细步骤）
Cara melukis titisan air langkah demi langkah
Como Desenhar uma Gota de Água Passo a Passo
Hvordan tegne en vanndråpe steg for steg
やさしい水滴の描き方
Как да Нарисуваме Капка Вода Стъпка по Стъпка
Kako nacrtati kap vode - korak po korak
물방울 단계별로 그리기
איך לצייר טיפת מים שלב אחרי שלב

Oil on silver leaf - 20 x 20 cm (7,9 x 7,9 inches)

REAL-TIME PAINTING VIDEOS, TUTORIALS and other helpful materials ▶ https://www.patreon.com/dariacallie

▷ For prints and original paintings please visit https://dariacallie.com/store/


Reference photo: https://www.patreon.com/posts/....oil-on-silver-172479

CONNECT WITH ME:
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/dariacallie/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/DariaCallieArt/
Website: https://www.dariacallie.com/


Materials used:
• Oil paints - "Nevskaya palitra"
Colors: Burnt Umber, Cadmium Yellow Pale, Ultramarine Blue, Cadmium Red and Titanium White.
In addition I have a couple of colors that I use sometimes: Ivory Black, Celestial Blue and Cobalt Violet Deep.
• Primed 280gsm paper
• Silver leaf
• Paint thinner (odorless mineral spirits)
• Medium (stand linseed oil)
• Brushes - Detail brushes & Filbert synthetic brushes of different sizes
• Glass palette (homemade)
• Palette knife (from a local art-store)
• Paper towels (or tissues that I use to wipe the brushes)


Music by the amazing Liam J Hennessy
https://soundcloud.com/liamjhennessy/beacons

In this painting demo I show how to paint lips with oils.

REAL-TIME PAINTING VIDEOS, TUTORIALS and other helpful materials ▶ https://www.patreon.com/dariacallie

Sketches: https://www.dropbox.com/s/zkny....4klg3snp2pk/Lips.jpg


▷ For prints and original paintings please visit https://dariacallie.com/store/

CONNECT WITH ME:
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/dariacallie/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/DariaCallieArt/
Website: http://www.dariacallie.com/


Materials used:

• Oil paints - Nevskaya palitra
Colors: Burnt umber, Cadmium Yellow, Ultramarine Blue, Cadmium Red and Titanium White.
(I have a color-mixing video where I explain how I premix my palette - https://youtu.be/kKT1gXBC_L4 )
In addition I have a couple of colors that I use sometimes: Ivory Black, Celestial Blue and Cobalt Violet Deep.
• Acrylic primer
• Paper 30 x 30 cm (12 x 12 inches) 280gsm
• Paint thinner (odorless mineral spirits)
• Medium (stand linseed oil)
• Brushes - Detail brushes & Filbert synthetic brushes of different sizes
• Glass palettes (homemade)
• Palette knife (from a local art-store)
• Paper towels (or tissues that I use to wipe the brushes)


Music by the incredible A. Taylor
https://soundcloud.com/a-taylor

In this painting demo I show how I paint hair with oils

REAL-TIME PAINTING VIDEOS, TUTORIALS and other helpful materials ▶ https://www.patreon.com/dariacallie

▷ For prints and original paintings please visit https://dariacallie.com/store/


CONNECT WITH ME:
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/dariacallie/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/DariaCallieArt/
Website: https://www.dariacallie.com/


Materials used:
• Oil paints - "Nevskaya palitra"
Colors: Burnt Umber, Cadmium Yellow Pale, Ultramarine Blue, Cadmium Red and Titanium White.
In addition I have a couple of colors that I use sometimes: Ivory Black, Celestial Blue and Cobalt Violet Deep.
• Primed 280gsm paper
• Paint thinner (odorless mineral spirits)
• Medium (stand linseed oil)
• Brushes - Detail brushes & Filbert synthetic brushes of different sizes
• Glass palette (homemade)
• Palette knife (from a local art-store)
• Paper towels (or tissues that I use to wipe the brushes)


Music: “Home” by Amarante (Instrumental version)
https://soundcloud.com/amarantemusic

In this video I show the process of working on an oil painting titled “Silver lining” - 52 x 65 cm

REAL-TIME PAINTING VIDEOS, TUTORIALS and other helpful materials ▶ https://www.patreon.com/dariacallie/overview


CONNECT WITH ME:
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/dariacallie
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/DariaCallieArt
Website: https://www.dariacallie.com

Commissions: closed.


Materials used:
• Oil paints "Nevskaya palitra"
• Frosted acrylic panel
• Paint thinner (odorless mineral spirits)
• Medium (stand linseed oil)
• Brushes
• Glass palette
• Palette knife
• Paper towels (or tissues that I use to wipe the brushes)

More information about supplies I use: https://www.patreon.com/posts/....where-to-start-21960



Music: "Håller Mig" by Joachim Heinrich
https://soundcloud.com/joachimheinrich/haller-mig

In this video I show the process of working on an oil painting titled "Chasing Dreams" - 80 x 100 cm

REAL-TIME PAINTING VIDEOS, TUTORIALS and other helpful materials ▶ https://www.patreon.com/dariacallie/overview


CONNECT WITH ME:
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/dariacallie
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/DariaCallieArt
Website: https://www.dariacallie.com

Commissions: closed.


Materials used:
• Oil paints "Nevskaya palitra"
• Frosted acrylic panel
• Paint thinner (odorless mineral spirits)
• Medium (stand linseed oil)
• Brushes
• Glass palette
• Palette knife
• Paper towels (or tissues that I use to wipe the brushes)

More information about supplies I use: https://www.patreon.com/posts/....where-to-start-21960



Music: "Windlicht" by Joachim Heinrich
https://soundcloud.com/joachimheinrich/windlicht

We all belong to the only group of hominins on the planet today. But we weren’t always alone. 100,000 years ago, Eurasia was home to other hominin species, some of which we know our ancestors met, and spent some quality time with.

Thanks to Julio Lacerda and Fabrizio de Rossi from Studio 252mya for their wonderful hominin illustrations. You can find more of their work here: https://252mya.com/

Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios

Super special thanks to the following Patreon patrons for helping make Eons possible:
Katie Fichtner, Anthony Callaghan, MissyElliottSmith, The Scintillating Spencer, AA, Zachary Spencer, Stefan Weber, Ilya Murashov, Charles Kahle, Robert Amling, Po Foon Kwong, Larry Wilson, Merri Snaidman, John Vanek, Neil H. Gray, Esmeralda Rupp-Spangle, Gregory Donovan, الخليفي سلطان, Gabriel Cortez, Marcus Lejon, Robert Arévalo, Robert Hill, Todd Dittman, Betsy Radley, PS, Philip Slingerland, Jose Garcia, Eric Vonk, Tony Wamsley, Henrik Peteri, Jonathan Wright, Jon Monteiro, James Bording, Brad Nicholls, Miles Chaston, Michael McClellan, Jeff Graham, Maria Humphrey, Nathan Paskett, Connor Jensen, Daisuke Goto, Hubert Rady, Gregory Kintz, Tyson Cleary, Chandler Bass, Joao Ascensao, Tsee Lee, Sarah Fritts, Alex Yan

If you'd like to support the channel, head over to http://patreon.com/eons and pledge for some cool rewards!

Want to follow Eons elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/eonsshow
Twitter - https://twitter.com/eonsshow
Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/eonsshow/

References: https://docs.google.com/docume....nt/d/1h8iVAIugVPfxOc

You can go to https://wix.com/go/eons to get started on your website!

A huge and diverse subfamily of dogs, the bone-crushers patrolled North America for more than thirty million years, before they disappeared in the not-too-distant past. So what happened to the biggest dogs that ever lived?

Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios

Super special thanks to the following Patreon patrons for helping make Eons possible:
Katie Fichtner, Aldo Espinosa Zúñiga, Kelby Reid, Steph Summerfield, Todd Dittman, Betsy Radley, Svetlana Pylaeva, Colin Sylvester, Philip Slingerland, John Vanek, Jose Garcia, Noah offitzer, Eric Vonk, Tony Wamsley, Henrik Peteri, Jonathan Wright, Wilco Verweij, Jon Monteiro, James Bording, Brad Nicholls, Miles Chaston, Michael McClellan, Elysha Nygård, Jeff Graham, Maria Humphrey, Nathan Paskett, Connor Jensen, Ehit Dinesh Agarwal, Sapjes, Daisuke Goto, Zachary Winkler, Hubert Rady, Yuntao Zhou, Gregory Kintz, Tyson Cleary, Chandler Bass, Maly Lor, Joao Ascensao, Tsee Lee, Sarah Fritts, Ruben Winter, Ron Harvey Jr, Joshua Mitchell, Johnny Li, Jacob Gerke, Katie M Vasilescu, Brandon Burke, Alex Yan

If you'd like to support the channel, head over to http://patreon.com/eons and pledge for some cool rewards!

Want to follow Eons elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/eonsshow
Twitter - https://twitter.com/eonsshow
Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/eonsshow/

References:
Dogs: Their Fossil Relatives and Evolutionary History by Xiaoming Wang & Richard H. Tedford.
The Princeton Field Guide to Prehistoric Mammals by Donald Prothero.
Evolution of Tertiary Mammals in North America, Volume 1: Terrestrial Carnivores, Ungulates, and Ungulatelike Mammals edited by Christine M. Janis.
The Skeleton of the Borophaginae (Carnivora, Canidae): Morphology and Function by Kathleen Munthe.
Vertebrates: Structures and Functions by S.M. Kisia.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p....mc/articles/PMC45072
http://digitallibrary.amnh.org..../bitstream/handle/22
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p....mc/articles/PMC59369
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26285033
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267156822_Phylogenetic_systematics_of_the_Borophaginae_Carnivora_Canidae?enrichId=rgreq-d5b9b9334f3e7d5206bb87428d1dc7db-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzI2NzE1NjgyMjtBUzoxNTQ5NTc4MzE0NzkyOTZAMTQxMzk1NjIzNDUyOA%3D%3D&el=1_x_2&_esc=publicationCoverPdf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p....mc/articles/PMC59639
https://www.cambridge.org/core..../journals/journal-of
http://www.naturalhistorymag.c....om/htmlsite/0708/070

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you

Check out Two Cents: https://www.youtube.com/channe....l/UCL8w_A8p8P1HWI3k6

Due to an odd quirk of genetics and some unique evolutionary circumstances, two humans who lived at different times in the distant past managed to pass on a very small fraction of their genomes to you. And to me. To all of us.

Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios

Super special thanks to the following Patreon patrons for helping make Eons possible:

Katie Fichtner, Aldo Espinosa Zúñiga, Anthony Callaghan, الخليفي سلطان, Gabriel Cortez, Marcus Lejon, Anel Salas, Robert Arévalo, Robert Hill, Kelby Reid, Todd Dittman, Betsy Radley, Svetlana Pylaeva, Colin Sylvester, Philip Slingerland, John Vanek, Jose Garcia, Noah offitzer, Eric Vonk, Tony Wamsley, Henrik Peteri, Jonathan Wright, Jon Monteiro, James Bording, Brad Nicholls, Miles Chaston, Michael McClellan, Jeff Graham, Maria Humphrey, Nathan Paskett, Connor Jensen, Sapjes, Daisuke Goto, Hubert Rady, Yuntao Zhou, Gregory Kintz, Tyson Cleary, Chandler Bass, Maly Lor, Joao Ascensao. Tsee Lee, Sarah Fritts, Ruben Winter, Ron Harvey Jr, Joshua Mitchell, Johnny Li, Jacob Gerke, Alex Yan

If you'd like to support the channel, head over to http://patreon.com/eons and pledge for some cool rewards!

Want to follow Eons elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/eonsshow
Twitter - https://twitter.com/eonsshow
Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/eonsshow/

References:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p....mc/articles/PMC33345
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p....mc/articles/PMC32671
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.o....rg/f4ee/6bfac21f39ac
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p....mc/articles/PMC58921
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p....mc/articles/PMC40321
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p....mc/articles/PMC55008
http://haplogroup-a.com/Ancient-Root-AJHG2013.pdf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p....mc/articles/PMC54183
http://ase.tufts.edu/chemistry..../hhmi/documents/Prot
http://pages.ucsd.edu/~dkjorda....n/resources/clarific
https://www.cell.com/action/sh....owPdf?pii=S0960-9822
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p....mc/articles/PMC43679
https://www.cell.com/action/sh....owPdf?pii=S0002-9297
https://www.newscientist.com/a....rticle/mg22429904-50
https://www.smithsonianmag.com..../science-nature/no-m
https://www.nature.com/news/ge....netic-adam-and-eve-d
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p....mc/articles/PMC55252
https://www.hhmi.org/biointera....ctive/evolution-y-ch
http://www.pnas.org/content/106/38/16018
https://www.nature.com/articles/jhg2012154
https://academic.oup.com/mbe/a....rticle/27/8/1833/988
https://www.nature.com/articles/325031a0
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p....mc/articles/PMC26949
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p....mc/articles/PMC43815
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28086175

Try CuriosityStream today: http://curiositystream.com/eons

Fossilized footprints have proved that human ancestors were already striding across the landscape 3.6 million years ago. But who started them on that path? What species pioneered this style of locomotion? Who was the first to walk?

Check out our new sticker! https://store.dftba.com/collec....tions/all/products/e

Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios

Super special thanks to the following Patreon patrons for helping make Eons possible:
Katie Fichtner, Aldo Espinosa Zúñiga, Anthony Callaghan, Marcus Lejon, Anel Salas, Robert Arévalo, Robert Hill, Kelby Reid, Todd Dittman, Betsy Radley, Svetlana Pylaeva, Colin Sylvester, Philip Slingerland, John Vanek, Jose Garcia, Noah offitzer, Eric Vonk, Tony Wamsley, Henrik Peteri, Jonathan Wright, Wilco Verweij, Jon Monteiro, James Bording, Brad Nicholls, Miles Chaston, Michael McClellan, Elysha Nygård, Jeff Graham, Maria Humphrey, Nathan Paskett, Connor Jensen, Sapjes, Daisuke Goto, Hubert Rady, Yuntao Zhou, Gregory Kintz, Tyson Cleary, Chandler Bass, Maly Lor, Joao Ascensao, Tsee Lee, Sarah Fritts, Ruben Winter, Ron Harvey Jr, Joshua Mitchell, Johnny Li, Jacob Gerke, Brandon Burke, Alex Yan

If you'd like to support the channel, head over to http://patreon.com/eons and pledge for some cool rewards!

Want to follow Eons elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/eonsshow
Twitter - https://twitter.com/eonsshow
Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/eonsshow/

References:
http://humanorigins.si.edu/evi....dence/human-fossils/
http://humanorigins.si.edu/evi....dence/behavior/footp
https://www.smithsonianmag.com..../science-nature/beco
https://www.nature.com/news/20....07/070716/full/news0
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Brunet, M., Guy, F., Pilbeam, D., Lieberman, D. E., Likius, A., Mackaye, H. T., ... & Vignaud, P. (2005). New material of the earliest hominid from the Upper Miocene of Chad. Nature, 434(7034), 752.
Richmond, B. G., & Jungers, W. L. (2008). Orrorin tugenensis femoral morphology and the evolution of hominin bipedalism. Science, 319(5870), 1662-1665.
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Lovejoy, C. O., Latimer, B., Suwa, G., Asfaw, B., & White, T. D. (2009). Combining prehension and propulsion: the foot of Ardipithecus ramidus. Science, 326(5949), 72-72e8.
Lovejoy, C. O., Suwa, G., Spurlock, L., Asfaw, B., & White, T. D. (2009). The pelvis and femur of Ardipithecus ramidus: the emergence of upright walking. Science, 326(5949), 71-71e6.
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References:
IMAGE: Horseshoe crab
https://pixnio.com/fauna-anima....ls/crabs-and-lobster
IMAGE: Trilobite https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Megalaspides_01.jpg?fastcci_from=204367&c1=204367&c2=3618826&d1=15&d2=0&s=200
IMAGE: Arthropod family Tree
https://evolution.berkeley.edu..../evolibrary/article/
And although horseshoe crabs made it to modern times and trilobites didn’t, they both have ancient beginnings. The oldest known trilobite is ~540 million years old, but the horseshoe crabs weren’t far behind with the earliest example showing up ~445 million years ago. So technically just looking at a horseshoe crab you’re looking back millions of years into the past.
SOURCE: http://www.igme.es/museo/trilo....08/archivos/TRILOBIT (oldest trilobites)
SOURCE: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com..../doi/10.1111/j.1475- (oldest horseshoe crabs)

IMAGE: bird skull https://etc.usf.edu/clipart/73....400/73460/73460_skul
IMAGE: reptile skull (Px = premaxilla) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/....Jugal_bone#/media/Fi

IMAGE: Limusaurus https://commons.wikimedia.org/....wiki/File:Limusaurus
Source: http://b3.ifrm.com/30233/130/0..../p3001488/PIIS096098

IMAGE: Archaeornithura https://commons.wikimedia.org/....wiki/File:Archaeorni
MAGE: Archaeopteryx https://commons.wikimedia.org/....wiki/File:Archaeopte

SOURCE: Paleo Art
https://naturalhistory.si.edu/....exhibits/backyard-di
SOURCE: Digital reconstruction https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p....mc/articles/PMC50989

IMAGE: fossilization https://www.nature.com/scienti....ficamerican/journal/
SOURCE: fossilization
http://www.geo.arizona.edu/geo3xx/geo308/FoldersOnServer/2003/1fossil&taph&ichno.htm
SOURCE: Anthropocene
http://environment.harvard.edu..../news/faculty-news/h

This week Craig talks about police searches and seizures. Now, the fourth amendment says that you have the right to be protected against "unreasonable searches and seizures" but what exactly does this mean? Well, it's complicated. The police often need warrants issued with proof of probable cause, but this isn't always the case - such as when you're pulled over for a moving violation. We'll finish up with the limitations of these protections and discuss one group of people in particular that aren't protected equally - students.

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Gases are everywhere, and this is good news and bad news for chemists. The good news: when they are behaving themselves, it's extremely easy to describe their behavior theoretically, experimentally and mathematically. The bad news is they almost never behave themselves.
In this episode of Crash Course Chemistry, Hank tells how the work of some amazing thinkers combined to produce the Ideal Gas Law, how none of those people were Robert Boyle, and how the ideal gas equation allows you to find out pressure, volume, temperature or number of moles. You'll also get a quick introduction to a few jargon-y phrases to help you sound like you know what you're talking about.

Table of Contents
Ideal Gas Law Equation 0:50
Everyone But Robert Boyle 1:35
Ideal Gas Law to Figure Out Things 6:16
Jargon Fun Time 7:46

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In which John Green teaches you about the American Revolution and the American Revolutionary War, which it turns out were two different things. John goes over the issues and events that precipitated rebellion in Britain's American colonies, and he also explores the ideas that laid the groundwork for the new American democracy. Find out how the tax bill from the Seven Years War fomented an uprising, how the Enlightenment influenced the Founding Fathers, and who were the winners and losers in this conflict.(hint: many of the people living in the Colonies ended up losers) The Revolution purportedly brought freedom and equality to the Thirteen Colonies, but they weren't equally distributed. Also, you'll learn about America's love affair with commemorative ceramics and what happens when rich white guys take the reins from reins white guys, and put together a society of, by, and for rich white guys.

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