ENYA
THE MEMORY OF TREES
1995

04 - Athair Ar Neamh

Athair ar neamh by Enya performed by Swiss new age group Bandari (instrumental)
I love this song in any version

My interpretation of this track with on-screen Irish Gaelic and English translation.

HRH Prince Carl Philip of Sweden and Miss Sofia Hellqvist
The Bride is comming....

Athair Ar Neamh
Cover Version
Instructed by Mark Jeffery Campayno
Recorded at StudioRock of Northern Virginia
Herndon, Virginia USA

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☛ MarkGTR
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Guitars and Synthesizers by
Mark Jeffery Campayno


Enya
https://enya.com/music/



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The truth, with photons.
I hope I've articulated everything clearly in this video. If not, I'll clarify in comments. Thanks to everyone who appears in this video and thanks to everyone who watches this video!

Veritasium is of course a combination of the latin 'veritas' meaning truth, and the common element ending 'ium'. I guess this is my version of the 'draw my life' craze that rolled through YouTube many years ago. Except I wanted to tell my story with the actual moments, the photons, the stored magnetic states. There's something about that which is so important to me (because I think the alternative involves fooling yourself) which is why I'm so fascinated by film and video.

One of my inspirations for the name Veritasium came from the end of the poem Ode on a Grecian Urn by John Keats, in which he writes:
"Beauty is truth, truth beauty,—that is all
Ye know on earth, and all ye need to know."

Special thanks to Patreon supporters:
Tony Fadell, Donal Botkin, Michael Krugman, Jeff Straathof, Zach Mueller, Ron Neal, Nathan Hansen, Yildiz Kabaran,
Terrance Snow, Stan Presolski

Music from http://epidemicsound.com
Magnified X1 - Gunnar Johnsen
Fluorescent Lights - Martin Gauffin
Dissolving Patterns - Ebb & Flod
Luna - Ebb & Flod

Additional music by Kevin MacLeod: http://incompetech.com
Sneaky Snitch

When air is compressed very quickly, it can reach high temperatures. In this demonstration we show how cotton wool can reach the point of auto-ignition by quick compression of air in the fire syringe.

Common pitfalls of New Year's resolutions and how I plan to avoid them. Thanks Audible! Start listening with a 30-day trial and your first audiobook plus two Audible Originals free when you go to https://audible.com/veritasium or text veritasium to 500500.

Thanks to Simone Giertz for sending me and Every Day Calendar!
Get notified when they're available to order here: http://www.simonegiertz.com/every-day-calendar

Special thanks to Patreon Supporters:
Alfred Wallace, Arjun Chakroborty, Chuck Lauer Vose, Dale Horne, Jasper Xin, Joar Wandborg, Kevin Beavers, Leah Howard, Lyvann Ferrusca, Michael Krugman, Noel Braganza, Ron Neal, Tige Thorman

The atmosphere applies a pressure of about 100 000 N to every square metre on Earth's surface. We take this pressure for granted because we have the same amount of pressure pushing out. But what happens when the pressure of the atmosphere is applied to an object with no outward pressure? It implodes. In spectacular fashion.

Most people recognize that atoms are the fundamental building blocks of all matter around us. An atom itself is composed of protons, neutrons and electrons. The simplest atom is the hydrogen atom because it consists of only one proton and one electron. If a neutron is added to the nucleus, the atom is still hydrogen, just a more massive version. Atoms of the same element (i.e. those with the same number of protons) but different numbers of neutrons are called isotopes.

What is the longest drinking straw that you can actually drink out of? Well in this video, we put the theory to the test. We started off with a one metre long straw made out of drinking straws taped together. We moved on to two pieces of plastic tubing, each 6 metres in length with different diameters. Then we tried a 10.5 metre tube over a cliff's edge. The maximum we achieved was about 7 metres though theoretically up to 10.3 metres is possible if a perfect vacuum is created.

Some months a go I filmed a slinky falling in slow motion. Now I have interviewed the public about what they expect to happen for ABC TV's Catalyst program and this is the result.

Learn how you can help reduce global warming → https://globalwarmingeffect.org
Common misconceptions about climate change.
Check out Audible: http://bit.ly/AudibleVe
References below:

For CO2, sea levels, Arctic sea ice, Antarctic and Greenland land ice:
http://climate.nasa.gov

Satellite data shows that ground-based stations underestimate recent warming: Cowtan and Way, 2014
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com..../doi/10.1002/qj.2297

For papers published on climate change during the 1970's, see Peterson, 2008
http://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/131047.pdf

For solar and temperature data see NASA GISS,
PMOD: http://www.acrim.com/tsi%20monitoring.htm
Krivova et al. 2007:
http://www2.mps.mpg.de/project....s/sun-climate/data.h

CO2 ratio of Carbon-13:Carbon-12 decreasing. IPCC AR4:
http://www.ipcc.ch/publication....s_and_data/ar4/wg1/e

CO2 emitted by volcanoes vs by humans: Gerlach, 2011
www.agu.org/pubs/pdf/2011eo240001.pdf Gerlach

Mauna Loa CO2 data: http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/

Rising atmospheric water vapour: Santer, 2007
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/0702872104v1.pdf

A doubling of CO2 will likely lead to a 3C increase in global temperatures according to many independent pieces of evidence:
Knutti & Hegerl, 2008
http://www.iac.ethz.ch/people/....knuttir/papers/knutt

Great resource on Milankovitch cycles:
http://www.sciencecourseware.o....rg/eec/GlobalWarming

CO2 lags temperature rise in the southern hemisphere but leads the global average temperature rise, Shakun et al. 2012
http://www.nature.com/nature/j....ournal/v484/n7392/ab

Music by Kevin McLeod, http://incompetech.com Songs: Hidden Agenda, Sneaky Snitch, Harlequin

An experiment on how turbulent convection in Earth's core makes a magnetic field
Get a free audiobook with a free 30 day trial at http://www.audible.com/Veritasium or text Veritasium to 500-500

Huge thanks to Prof. Dan Lathrop and team: http://ve42.co/Lathrop

Companion video to explain Earth's magnetic fields in more detail:
https://youtu.be/lWHxmJf6U3M

Australians! I'm on my way. I'll be doing live shows in Perth, Sydney and Melbourne. Details and tickets here: http://ve42.co/tour

Find out more about the film Vitamania: http://ve42.co/VITA

Special thanks to Brady Haran and Periodic Videos for sodium vs water footage. Original clip is here:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mzEOL-N2cbw

Special thanks to Patreon supporters:
Donal Botkin, Michael Krugman, Jeff Straathof, Zach Mueller, Ron Neal, Nathan Hansen, Yildiz Kabaran, Terrance Snow, Stan Presolski

I learned a lot in making this video and the one on my second channel with Prof. Jon Arnou. I changed a lot of my preconceptions, specifically I thought:

1. That the Earth's magnetic field was a passive thing - it shouldn't need a continuous input of energy to maintain itself (that seemed reasonable to me because the magnetic field has been around for a long time and it seems mostly stable). But as it turns out, the Earth is a giant electromagnet, and so of course those currents dissipate their energy as they encounter resistance in the liquid metal through which they flow. So the energy to continuously create these currents comes from the kinetic energy of the liquid metal flows in the Earth's outer core.

2. If it's convection, I'm thinking hot things rising, cooler things falling. But apparently the main effect driving convection is the compositional differences at the boundary with the Earth's inner core. This is because of the differential freezing at the boundary. Things like iron freeze into the inner core, while elements like sulfur do not. Hence the pockets of lighter material which then rise outwards.

3. I didn't get why the fluid motion was necessary for the generation of the magnetic field. I mean if it's a conducting liquid, it can conduct currents whether it moves or not. But the key is that the liquid metal can 'trap' magnetic fields. I imagine this like how iron channels magnetic fields. Then once these fields are channeled, they can be pulled and stretched, making more magnetic field.

4. Fluids operate very differently in rotating frames of reference. This is something I didn't intuitively grasp. But, as fluids move from the inner core outwards, those particles are moving much more slowly in the direction of rotation than the matter that has been there for a long time, which means the convection currents get deflected and form helices.

Music by Kevin MacLeod http://incompetech.com Brandenburg Concerto No4

Scientists like Prof Sinclair have evidence of speeding up, slowing, and even reversing aging.
Thanks to LastPass for sponsoring this video. Click here to start using LastPass: https://ve42.co/VeLP

What causes aging? According to Professor David Sinclair, it is a loss of information in our epigenome, the system of proteins like histones and chemical markers like methylation that turn on and off genes. Epigenetics allow different cell types to perform their specific functions - they are what differentiate a brain cell from a skin cell. Our DNA is constantly getting broken, by cosmic rays, UV radiation, free radicals, x-rays and regular cell division etc. When our cells repair that damage, the epigenome is not perfectly reset. And hence over time, noise accumulates in our epigenome. Our cells no longer perform their functions well.

To counter this decline, we can activate the body's own defenses against aging by stressing the body. Eat less, eat less protein, engage in intense exercise, experience uncomfortable cold. When the body senses existential threats it triggers longevity genes, which attempt to maintain the body to ensure its survival until good times return. This may be the evolutionary legacy of early bacteria, which established these two modes of living (repair and protect vs grow and reproduce). Scientists are uncovering ways to mimic stresses on the body without the discomfort of fasting. Molecules like NMN also trigger sirtuins to monitor and repair the epigenome. This may slow aging.

Reversing aging requires an epigenetic reset, which may be possible using Yamanaka factors. These four factors can revert an adult cell into a pluripotent stem cell. Prof. Sinclair used three of the four factors to reverse aging in the retinal cells of old mice. He found they could see again after the treatment.

Special thanks to:
Professor David Sinclair, check out his book "Lifespan: Why We Age & Why We Don't Have To"
Assistant Professor David Gold
Noemie Sierra (for polyp images)
Genepool Productions for telomere animations from Immortal: https://ve42.co/immortal
Epigenetics animations (DNA, histones, methylation etc) courtesy of: http://wehi.tv
Animation: Etsuko Uno
Art and Technical Direction: Drew Berry
Sound Design: Francois Tetaz & Emma Bortignon
Scientific Consultation: Marnie Blewitt
Courtesy of Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research

Filming, editing and animation by Jonny Hyman and Derek Muller

Music from https://epidemicsound.com "Clearer Views" "Innovations" "A Sound Foundation" "Seaweed"
Additional music by Kevin MacLeod from https://incompetech.com "Marty Gots a Plan"

Inspired by this article by Prof. Emily Oster: http://bit.ly/Cellcancer
Check out Audible: http://bit.ly/AudibleVe
Featuring Physics Girl: http://bit.ly/PhysGirl

Special thanks to Chris Gale and Physics Girl for filming this video.

Music by:
Amarante Music "One Last Time": http://bit.ly/VeAmarante
Kevin McLeod, Incompetech.com "Harlequin"

Can you solve these four rotation-related riddles?
Support Veritasium on Patreon: http://ve42.co/patreon
Test yourself playlist: http://ve42.co/testurself

Huge thanks to Patreon supporters:
Jeff Straathof, Zach Mueller, Ron Neal, Nathan Hansen

I came across these four physics puzzles over the years in discussions with Neil deGrasse Tyson (riddle 4: which part(s) of a moving train are going backwards with respect to the ground?), Simon Pampena (riddle 2: run around a track twice, the first time slowly, the second time much faster so that the average for the two laps is twice the speed of the first lap). Someone tweeted me a video of the mystery cylinder rolling down the ramp in riddle 1 (sorry I'm not sure who it was). Riddle three about a bicycle going forward or backward when it's bottom peddle is pulled back was brought to me by a number of people and I appreciate all of their help!

Filmed by Raquel Nuno.
Thanks to everyone at the Palais de la Decouverte! I've had this footage for five years and am only finally releasing it now. I wanted to talk about the way grass grows on a spinning turntable but I couldn't locate the footage...

One of the most common physics misconceptions is that an unbalanced force causes constant motion. In truth, an unbalanced force leads to changes in motion - accelerations.