In which Hank and John Green teach you about life on Earth. They won't be giving advice on how life should be lived, because this is a history series. Instead, they'll teach you about the earliest forms of life on Earth, and some of the ways that they developed into the types of life we know, love, and sometimes don't love so much (I'm looking at you here, opossums). You'll learn about prokaryotes, eukaryotes, panspermia, reproduction, a little about DNA, and even a thing or two about trees. Maybe.

Crash Course Biology
DNA Structure and Replication Episode: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8kK2zwjRV0M

DNA Transcription and Translation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=itsb2SqR-R0

Learn more at http://www.bighistoryproject.com

This week on Crash Course Theater, Mike is acting like theater started in Greece. Well, for the western theater, this is true. The earliest recorded drama in the west arose in Athen, and these early plays grew out or religious ritual. Namely, they evolved from the worship of Dionysus, god of wine, fertility, and RITUAL MADNESS. That's right. I said RITUAL MADNESS

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Mark Brouwer, Nickie Miskell Jr., Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Divonne Holmes à Court, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, Robert Kunz, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Daniel Baulig, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, Evren Türkmenoğlu, Alexander Tamas, Justin Zingsheim, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, mark austin, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Ken Penttinen, Advait Shinde, Cody Carpenter, Annamaria Herrera, William McGraw, Bader AlGhamdi, Vaso, Melissa Briski, Joey Quek, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Alex S, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Montather, Jirat, Eric Kitchen, Moritz Schmidt, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters, Sandra Aft, Steve Marshall
--

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How does education work? Where does the money come from? Who pays for it? Is going to college a good investment? Adriene and Jacob are talking today about the economics of education. Most countries require that their citizens get some education, and most countries pay for basic education, but the quality of education can vary widely. And in the US, post-secondary education can come with a lot of costs.

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Mark, Eric Kitchen, Jessica Wode, Jeffrey Thompson, Steve Marshall, Moritz Schmidt, Robert Kunz, Tim Curwick, Jason A Saslow, SR Foxley, Elliot Beter, Jacob Ash, Christian, Jan Schmid, Jirat, Christy Huddleston, Daniel Baulig, Chris Peters, Anna-Ester Volozh, Ian Dundore, Caleb Weeks

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The Romans developed a lot of infrastructure like roads and aqueducts to both help their cities flourish and to... you know... be better at war. But the interesting thing about Roman Engineering is how it was almost all focused on Techne and not Episteme. In this episode of Crash Course History of Science, Hank takes us down the road of road building, domes, and some really cool cement.

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Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:

Mark Brouwer, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Divonne Holmes à Court, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, Robert Kunz, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, Evren Türkmenoğlu, Alexander Tamas, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, mark austin, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Ken Penttinen, Advait Shinde, Cody Carpenter, Annamaria Herrera, William McGraw, Bader AlGhamdi, Vaso, Melissa Briski, Joey Quek, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Alex S, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Montather, Jirat, Eric Kitchen, Moritz Schmidt, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters, Sandra Aft, Steve Marshall
--

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Writing research papers is an essential skill in your career as a student, and this week we’re going to help you do that like a pro. From figuring out where to begin, to finding the best systems, to breaking out of “research recursion system” (maybe just figuring out what that means), we’ve got you covered.

Crash Course is made with Adobe Creative Cloud. Get a free trial here: https://www.adobe.com/creative....cloud/catalog/deskto

Resources:

How to Write a Great Research Paper by Simon Peyton Jones: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g3dkRsTqdDA
How to Become a Straight-A Student by Cal Newport: https://www.goodreads.com/book..../show/253203.How_to_
Close Reading and Research: https://collegeinfogeek.com/wr....iting-close-reading-
Writing and Editing Tips: https://collegeinfogeek.com/es....say-writing-and-edit

***

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Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:

Mark Brouwer, Bob Kunz, mark austin, William McGraw, Ruth Perez, Jason A Saslow, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Eric Prestemon, Malcolm Callis, Advait Shinde, Thomas Frank, Rachel Bright, Khaled El Shalakany, Ian Dundore, Tim Curwick, Ken Penttinen, Indika Siriwardena, Alexander Tamas, Caleb Weeks, Kathrin Janßen, Nathan Taylor, Andrei Krishkevich, Brian Thomas Gossett, Chris Peters, Kathy & Tim Philip, Mayumi Maeda, Eric Kitchen, SR Foxley, Evren Türkmenoğlu, Tom Trval, Cami Wilson, Justin Zingsheim, Moritz Schmidt, Jessica Wode, Daniel Baulig, Jirat
--

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This week Craig is going to give you a broad overview of elections in the United States. So as you may have noticed, there are kind of a lot of people in the U.S, and holding individual issues up to a public vote doesn't seem particularly plausible. So to deal with this complexity, we vote for people, not policies, that represent our best interests. But as you'll see, this process was not thoroughly addressed in the Constitution, so there have been a number of amendments and laws at the state level implemented to create the election system we all know and (maybe) love today.

Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios

Support is provided by Voqal: http://www.voqal.org

All attributed images are licensed under Creative Commons by Attribution 4.0
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/...

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Hank wraps up the Crash Course on ecology by taking a look at the growing fields of conservation biology and restoration ecology, which use all the kung fu moves we've learned about in the past eleven weeks and apply them to protecting ecosystems and to cleaning up the messes that we've already made.

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Table of Contents
1) Types of Diversity 3:00
2) Conservation Biology 4:12
A) Small Population Conservation 4:26
B) Declining Population Conservation 5:50
3) Restoration Ecology 7:06
A) Structural Restoration 7:30
B) Bioremediation 7:48
C) Biological Augmentation 8:03


References and image licenses for this episode can be found in the Google document here: http://dft.ba/-3DIH Support CrashCourse on Subbable: http://subbable.com/crashcourse

We've been talking about the unavoidables recently. Last time, we covered Death. This time, it's taxes. So, what are taxes? Why do we pay taxes? What is all that tax money used for? This week, Adriene is going to cover all that and more. We'll talk about types of taxes, progressive and regressive taxes, tax brackets, and we'll even get into a few historical scenarios where bad tax policy led to revolutions.

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Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:

Mark, Eric Kitchen, Jessica Wode, Jeffrey Thompson, Steve Marshall, Moritz Schmidt, Robert Kunz, Tim Curwick, Jason A Saslow, SR Foxley, Elliot Beter, Jacob Ash, Christian, Jan Schmid, Jirat, Christy Huddleston, Daniel Baulig, Chris Peters, Anna-Ester Volozh, Ian Dundore, Caleb Weeks

--

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Want more Crash Course in person? We'll be at NerdCon: Nerdfighteria in Boston on February 25th and 26th! For more information, go to http://www.nerdconnerdfighteria.com/

In the early 1800s, Michael Faraday showed us how a changing magnetic field induces an electromotive force, or emf, resulting in an electric current. He also found that electric fields sometimes act like magnetic fields, and developed equations to calculate the forces exerted by both. In the mid-1800s, Scottish physicist James Maxwell thought something interesting was going on there, too. So he decided to assemble a set of equations that held true for all electromagnetic interactions. In this episode of Crash Course Physics, Shini talks to us about Maxwell's Equations and how important they are to our understanding of Physics.


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The Latest from PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list...

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Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios

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Crash Course World History is now available on DVD! Visit http://store.dftba.com/product....s/crashcourse-world- to buy a set for your home or classroom.

In which John Green teaches you about capitalism and socialism in a way that is sure to please commenters from both sides of the debate. Learn how capitalism arose from the industrial revolution, and then gave rise to socialism. Learn about how we got from the British East India Company to iPhones and consumer culture in just a couple of hundred years. Stops along the way include the rise of industrial capitalism, mass production, disgruntled workers, Karl Marx, and the Socialist Beard. The socialist reactions to the ills of capitalism are covered as well, and John discusses some of the ideas of Karl Marx, and how they've been implemented or ignored in various socialist states. Plus, there are robots!

Resources:

The Relentless Revolution by Joyce Appelby: http://dft.ba/-appelby

The Marx-Engels Reader: http://dft.ba/-marxengels

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Cybersecurity is a set of techniques to protect the secrecy, integrity, and availability of computer systems and data against threats. In today’s episode, we’re going to unpack these three goals and talk through some strategies we use like passwords, biometrics, and access privileges to keep our information as secure, but also as accessible as possible. From massive Denial of Service, or DDos attacks, to malware and brute force password cracking there are a lot of ways for hackers to gain access to your data, so we’ll also discuss some strategies like creating strong passwords, and using 2-factor authentication, to keep your information safe.

Check out Computerphile’s wonderful video on how to choose a password!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3NjQ9b3pgIg

Pre-order our limited edition Crash Course: Computer Science Floppy Disk Coasters here!
https://store.dftba.com/produc....ts/computer-science-

Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios

Want to know more about Carrie Anne?
https://about.me/carrieannephilbin

The Latest from PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playli....st?list=PL1mtdjDVOoO

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We talk a lot about Keynesian economics on this show, pretty much because the real world currently runs on Keynesian principles. That said, there are some other economic ideas out there, and today we're going to talk about a few of them. So, if you've been aching to hear about socialism, communism, the Chicago School, or the Austrian School, this episode is for you.

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Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:

Fatima Iqbal, Penelope Flagg, Eugenia Karlson, Alex S, Jirat, Tim Curwick, Christy Huddleston, Eric Kitchen, Moritz Schmidt, Today I Found Out, Avi Yashchin, Chris Peters, Eric Knight, Jacob Ash, Simun Niclasen, Jan Schmid, Elliot Beter, Sandra Aft, SR Foxley, Ian Dundore, Daniel Baulig, Jason A Saslow, Robert Kunz, Jessica Wode, Steve Marshall, Anna-Ester Volozh, Christian, Caleb Weeks, Jeffrey Thompson, James Craver, and Markus Persson
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In order to understand the history of media literacy we have to go all the way back to straight up literacy. In the first half of our look at the history of media literacy, Jay takes us all the way back to Ancient Greece and forward through the printing press, newspapers, and Yellow Journalism.

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Resources & References:

The Impact of the Printing Press http://courses.educ.ubc.ca/ete....c540/Sept04/arthurp/

Grandparents of Media Literacy https://www.grandparentsofmedi....aliteracy.com/grandp

Maine Explosion Caused by Bomb or Torpedo? https://digitalcollections.nyp....l.org/items/84ea964f

***

Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse

Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:

Mark Brouwer, Justin Zingsheim, Nickie Miskell Jr., Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Divonne Holmes à Court, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, Robert Kunz, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Daniel Baulig, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, Evren Türkmenoğlu, Alexander Tamas, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, mark austin, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Ken Penttinen, Advait Shinde, Cody Carpenter, Annamaria Herrera, William McGraw, Bader AlGhamdi, Vaso, Melissa Briski, Joey Quek, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Alex S, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Montather, Jirat, Eric Kitchen, Moritz Schmidt, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters,, Sandra Aft, Steve Marshall
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We’re beginning our engineering journey with a tour through the major branches. Today Shini explains the facets of civil engineering, including structural and construction engineering, city planning, transportation, and sanitation.

Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playli....st?list=PL1mtdjDVOoO

***

RESOURCES:
https://www.engineering.com/De....signerEdge/DesignerE
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Imhotep
https://www.livescience.com/23....050-step-pyramid-djo
http://www.thecivilengg.com/History.php
https://www.britannica.com/tec....hnology/aqueduct-eng
https://www.peabody.harvard.edu/node/2151
http://www.museumofthecity.org..../project/hippodamus-
http://classics.mit.edu/Aristo....tle/politics.2.two.h
https://www.ancient.eu/Roman_Engineering/
http://www.history.com/news/th....e-secrets-of-ancient
https://www.nachi.org/history-of-concrete.htm
https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Smeaton
http://www.history.co.uk/biogr....aphies/joseph-bazalg
https://www.schnabel-eng.com/s....ervices/dam-engineer
https://usbr.gov/lc/hooverdam/faqs/powerfaq.html

***

Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse

Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:

Mark Brouwer, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Divonne Holmes à Court, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, Evren Türkmenoğlu, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, mark austin, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Ken Penttinen, Advait Shinde, Cody Carpenter, Annamaria Herrera, William McGraw, Bader AlGhamdi, Vaso, Melissa Briski, Joey Quek, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Alex S, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Montather, Jirat, Eric Kitchen, Moritz Schmidt, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters, Sandra Aft, Steve Marshall
--

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Today we’ll cover the fourth and final of our core disciplines of engineering: chemical engineering. We’ll talk about its history and evolution going from soda ash competitions to oil refineries and renewable energies. We’ll also discuss some newer and emerging fields like biotechnology and pharmaceuticals.

NOTE: This is a re-upload to correct an error at ~2:00

Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playli....st?list=PL1mtdjDVOoO

***

RESOURCES:
http://www.chemistryexplained.....com/Kr-Ma/Leblanc-Ni
https://www.keionline.org/book/prizes-lots-of-them
https://www.sciencehistory.org..../historical-profile/
http://www.world-petroleum.org..../edu/223-how-is-crud
https://www.thoughtco.com/hist....ory-of-gasoline-1991
https://www.britannica.com/tec....hnology/cracking-che
https://www.britannica.com/tec....hnology/petroleum-re
https://www.britannica.com/tec....hnology/chemical-eng
https://www.allaboutcareers.co....m/careers/career-pat
https://www.myklassroom.com/En....gineering-branches/2
https://www.impossiblefoods.com/burger/
https://www.eia.gov/energyexpl....ained/?page=biomass_
“Basic Principles and Calculations in Chemical Engineering” by David Mautner Himmelblau, James B. Riggs

***

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Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:

Mark Brouwer, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Divonne Holmes à Court, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, Evren Türkmenoğlu, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Ken Penttinen, Advait Shinde, Cody Carpenter, Annamaria Herrera, William McGraw, Bader AlGhamdi, Vaso, Melissa Briski, Joey Quek, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Alex S, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Montather, Jirat, Eric Kitchen, Moritz Schmidt, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters, Sandra Aft
--

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What is culture? How do we define it and how does it change? We’ll explore different categories of culture, like low culture, high culture, and sub-cultures. We'll also revisit our founding theories to consider both a structural functionalist and a conflict theory perspective on what cultures mean for society.

Crash Course is made with Adobe Creative Cloud. Get a free trial here: https://www.adobe.com/creativecloud.html

***

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Mark, Les Aker, Bob Kunz, Mark Austin, William McGraw, Jeffrey Thompson, Ruth Perez, Jason A Saslow, Eric Prestemon, Malcolm Callis, Steve Marshall, Advait Shinde, Rachel Bright, Ian Dundore, Tim Curwick, Ken Penttinen, Dominic Dos Santos, Caleb Weeks, Frantic Gonzalez, Kathrin Janßen, Nathan Taylor, Yana Leonor, Andrei Krishkevich, Brian Thomas Gossett, Chris Peters, Kathy & Tim Philip, Mayumi Maeda, Eric Kitchen, SR Foxley, Tom Trval, Andrea Bareis, Moritz Schmidt, Jessica Wode, Daniel Baulig, Jirat
--

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Today we're going to introduce one of the most flexible statistical tools - the General Linear Model (or GLM). GLMs allow us to create many different models to help describe the world - you see them a lot in science, economics, and politics. Today we're going to build a hypothetical model to look at the relationship between likes and comments on a trending YouTube video using the Regression Model. We'll be introducing other popular models over the next few episodes.

Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse

Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:

Mark Brouwer, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Satya Ridhima Parvathaneni, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Jirat, Ian Dundore
--

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You can directly support Crash Course at https://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Subscribe for as little as $0 to keep up with everything we're doing. Free is nice, but if you can afford to pay a little every month, it really helps us to continue producing this content.

In which John Green teaches you about a time of relative tumult in the United States, the 1960s. America was changing rapidly in the 1960s, and rights movements were at the forefront of those changes. Civil Rights were dominant, but the 60s also saw growth in the Women's Movement, the LGBT rights movement, the Latino rights movement, and the American Indian movement. Also, Americans began to pay a bit more attention to the environment. All this change happened against the backdrop of the Cold War and the Rise of Conservatism. It was just wild. John will teach you about sit-ins, Freedom Rides, The March on Washington, MLK, JFK, LBJ, and NOW. Man, that is a lot of initialisms. And one acronym.

Crash Course World History is now available on DVD! Visit http://dft.ba/-CCWHDVD to buy a set for your home or classroom.

Hey teachers and students - Check out CommonLit's free collection of reading passages and curriculum resources to learn more about the events of this episode. Civil Rights stayed strong throughout the 1960s, beginning with the peaceful sit-in movement in 1960 in the South: https://www.commonlit.org/text....s/the-sit-in-movemen
The Civil Rights Movement reached a high point when Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his 1963 “I Have a Dream” Speech at the March on Washington: https://www.commonlit.org/texts/i-have-a-dream
After President Kennedy's assassination, President Johnson decided to promote Civil Rights as part of his Great Society program: https://www.commonlit.org/text....s/lyndon-baines-john
After Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was assassinated in 1968, the growing black power movement gained even more populairty: https://www.commonlit.org/text....s/empowering-the-bla

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Do you want to help me translating it into your language?
(Note: First check if it hasn´t been translated already by pressing the "CC" button on the lower part of the video).
All you need to do is to please go to the following link and translate. Thank you!:
http://www.youtube.com/timedte....xt_video?v=8DSdlVwJD


If you would like to invest in a drawing, painting or sculpture by Leonardo Pereznieto, or to hire him for workshops or lectures, please write to: info@artistleonardo.com (Business only, not for personal messages.)

List of materials:

Mechanical pencil with 0.7mm, HB lead
Mechanical pencil with 0.3mm, 2H lead
Kneaded eraser Prismacolor
MagicRub FaberCastell eraser
Tombow Mono-Zero eraser
Chamois
Graphite powder
Fabriano white drawing paper, fine grain
A glass of water for the circle


If you would like to see photos and brands of my tools, please go to my blog about materials with the following link:

http://fineart-tips.blogspot.m....x/2015/07/my-drawing

You may also follow me on:

My Blog: http://fineart-tips.blogspot.mx/

My Twitter: https://twitter.com/#!/ArtistLeonardo

Fine Art Tips on Google+: http://goo.gl/TqsmiJ

My Google+ page as an artist (with my sculptures, paintings, etc): https://plus.google.com/+Artistleonardo/posts

My Instagram: http://instagram.com/artistleonardo

My LinkedIn: http://www.linkedin.com/profile/view?id=89957576&trk=tab_pro

My Vine: https://vine.co/v/hKnn3rbwJmT

My Pinterest: http://pinterest.com/ArtistLeonardo/

My VK: http://vk.com/leonardopereznieto

My website Leonardo Pereznieto: http://www.leonardopereznieto.com/leo/Intro.html

I wish you great creations!

Audio file(s) provided by http://www.audiomicro.com

This tutorial shows How to Draw a Crystal Ball With Pencil - Crystal Sphere With Graphite

This tutorial shows how to model a polar bear in clay. It is narrated.
Subscribe on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/artistleonardo
My drawing book: http://amzn.to/1K7L8Ed
Visit me on FB: https://www.facebook.com/LeonardoPereznieto
My website: http://www.ArtistLeonardo.com/

Do you want to help me translating it into your language?
(Note: First check if it hasn´t been translated already by pressing the "CC" button on the lower part of the video).
To translate the title of the video and the subtitles, all you need to do is to please go to the following link and translate (you don't necessarily need to do the whole thing, you can do a section and other people in the community can finish it). Thank you!:
http://www.youtube.com/timedtext_video?v=lvHAecT6vhE&ref=share

If you would like to invest in a drawing, painting or sculpture by Leonardo Pereznieto, or to hire him for workshops or lectures, please write to: info@artistleonardo.com (Business only, not for personal messages.)

List of materials:
Note: I have been buying my modelling tools for many many years and in different countries, therefore, today I couldn't find the exact tools I used in this video. But following are equivalent ones:

- Modelling clay (wax based, non-hardening): http://amzn.to/2qOI40v

The above clay, like the one I used, is oil-based and it never hardens. If you would rather have your sculpture to harden, you may prefer to use something like the following:

- Modelling clay (self-hardening): http://amzn.to/2rutcoQ

- Clay sculpting and pottery set: http://amzn.to/2q4LxZo

- Wax Carving toolset: http://amzn.to/2ruVPlG

- Spatula: http://amzn.to/2rKciji

- Wooden cutting boards (this is totally optional): http://amzn.to/2ruZjob

- Heavy duty rotating base: http://amzn.to/2qb6UUV

If you would like to see photos and brands of my tools, please go to my blog about materials with the following link:

http://fineart-tips.blogspot.m....x/2014/11/with-relea


Download Fine Art-Tips mobile app:

On the Apple Store:

For iPhone/iPad free: https://itunes.apple.com/us/ap....p/fine-art-tips-draw

For iPhone/iPad, Premium: https://itunes.apple.com/us/ap....p/fine-art-tips-prem

On Google Play:

For Android free: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=allmax.fine.art.tips.free2&hl=en

For Android, Premium: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=allmax.fine.art.tips2&hl=en

You may also follow me on:

My Blog: http://fineart-tips.blogspot.mx/

My Twitter: https://twitter.com/#!/ArtistLeonardo

Fine Art Tips on Google+: http://goo.gl/TqsmiJ

My Instagram: http://instagram.com/artistleonardo

My LinkedIn: http://www.linkedin.com/profile/view?id=89957576&trk=tab_pro

My Pinterest: http://pinterest.com/ArtistLeonardo/

My VK: http://vk.com/leonardopereznieto

My website: http://www.artistleonardo.com/

I wish you great creations!

Audio file(s) provided by http://www.audiomicro.com

This tutorial shows How to Model (Sculpt) a Polar Bear in Clay - Narrated