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Many people prefer steady, pulsing music for their workouts. Even for classical music lovers, classical isn't often the go-to genre for exercise music, but classical music is full of dynamic shifts that can be used for workout, running and other exercises. We have come up with a selection of twenty pieces of classical music that can motivate and energize you as you try to improve your health and fitness. Try it out!

00:00:00 Wagner: The Valkyrie, WWV 86B, Pt. 3: The Ride of the Valkyries by Royal Philharmonic Orchestra
00:05:09 Verdi: Triumphal March, Aida, Pt. 2: Grand March by Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, Owain Arwel Hughes
00:12:47 Offenbach: Orphée aux enfers, Pt. 2: Can-Can by Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, Philip Ellis
00:15:00 Dvorak: Slavonic Dances, Op. 46: VIII. Slavonic Dance in G Minor. Furiant by Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, Nick Davies
00:19:30 Orff: Carmina Burana: O fortuna Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, Owain Arwel
00:22:03 Elgar: Pomp and Circumstance, Op. 39: March No. 1 in D Major by Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, Philip Ellis
00:27:37 Khatchaturian: Gayaneh, Ballet Suite: Sabre Dance by Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, Philip Ellis
00:30:03 Suppé: Light Cavalry by Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, Charles Dutoit
00:36:46 Chopin: Waltzes, Op. 64: No. 1, Waltz in D-Flat Major "Minute Waltz" by Martijn van den Hoek
00:38:29 Beethoven: Symphony No. 7 in A Major, Op. 92: IV. Allegro con brio by Staatskapelle Dresden & Herbert Blomstedt
00:47:42 Schubert: Symphony No. 9 in C Major, Op. posth., D. 944 'The Great': IV. Finale. Allegro vivace by Staatskapelle Dresden & Herbert Blomstedt
00:59:55 Vivaldi: The Four Seasons, Concerto No. 2 in G Minor, RV 315, Op. 8, "Summer": III. Presto by La Magnifica Comunitá
01:02:46 Vivaldi: The Four Seasons No. 4 in F Minor, RV 297, Op. 8, "Winter": I. Allegro non molto by La Magnifica Comunitá
01:06:03 Dvorak: Symphony No. 9 in E Minor, Op. 95, B. 178: IV. Allegro con fuoco by Staatskapelle Berlin & Otmar Suitner
01:16:52 Dvorak: Czech Suite, Op. 39, B. 93: V. Finále. Presto by Janáček Philharmonic Orchestra & Theodore Kuchar
01:22:17 Mozart: Symphony No. 25 in G Major, Minor, K. 186: IV. Allegro by Mozart Akademie Amsterdam & Jaap ter Linden
01:29:35 Bach: Concerto No. 3 in G Major, BWV 1048: I. – by Musica Amphion & Pieter-Jan Belder
01:34:55 Mozart: Piano Concerto No. 21 in C Major, K. 467: III. Allegro vivace assai by Klára Würtz
01:41:37 Tchaikovsky: The Nutcracker, Op. 71, Pt. 2: XVII. Trepak by Royal Philharmonic Orchestra & David Maninov
01:42:46 Schumann: Toccata, Op. 7 by Wolfram Schmitt-Leonardy

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Brilliant Classics presents the top 50 most popular wedding classics. Featuring composers such as J.S. Bach, Mozart, Mendelssohn, Wagner, Händel and Vivaldi. Performed by vocalists and choirs such as the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, Staatskapelle Berlin, Consort of London, Choir of St. John’s College Cambridge.

00:00:00 Mendelssohn - Wedding March in C Major
00:05:05 Wagner - Lohengrin, WWV 75: Treulich geführt ziehet dahin – Das süße Lied Verhallt (Bridal chorus)
00:13:28 Händel - Solomon, HWV 67, Sinfonia II, Pt. III: I. Arrival of the Queen of Sheba
00:16:37 Albinoni - Adagio in G Minor
00:23:16 Pachelbel - Canon and Gigue in D Major, P.37: I. Canon
00:27:59 Faure - Cantique de Jean Racine, Op. 11
00:33:20 Mozart - Ave verum corpus in D Major, K. 618
00:36:52 Franck - Mass in A Major, Op. 12: V. Panis angelicus
00:40:20 Bach - Orchestral Suite No. 3 in D Major, BWV 1068: II. Air
00:44:36 Bach - Herz und Mund und Tat und Leben, BWV 147: X. Jesu bleibet meine Freude
00:47:47 Händel - Messiah, HWV 56, Pt. 2: XLIV. Hallelujah!
00:51:22 Händel - Zadok the Priest, HWV 258
00:56:40 Verdi - Aida, Pt. 2: I. Grand March
01:04:18 Elgar - Variations on an Original Theme "Enigma", Op. 36
01:08:03 Offenbach - Orphée aux enfers, Pt. 2: XV. Can-Can
01:10:16 Puccini - Turandot, Pt. 3: I. Aria. Nessun dorma
01:13:16 Vivaldi - Gloria in D Major, RV 589: I. Gloria in excelsis deo
01:15:26 Saint-Saëns - Carnival of the Animals: XIII. The Swan
01:18:33 Händel - Serse, HWV 40: Ombra mai fu
01:22:50 Mascagni - Cavalleria Rusticana: VII. Intermezzo
01:25:45 Vivaldi - Le quattro stagione, Concerto No. 1 in E Major, RV 269: I. Allegro
01:29:11 Händel - Music for the Royal Fireworks, HWV 351: IV. La réjouissance
01:31:26 Händel - Water Music Suite No. 2 in D Major, HWV 349: II. Alla Hornpipe
01:35:13 Boccherini - String Quintet in E Major, G. 275: III. Menuet
01:38:27 Grieg - Peer Gynt Suite No. 1, Op. 46: I. Morning Mood
01:42:39 Grieg - Lyric Pieces, Op. 65: VI. Wedding Day at Troldhaugen
01:48:56 Fauré - Pavane in F-Sharp Minor, Op. 50
01:55:23 Parry - Jerusalem
01:58:15 Puccini - Gianni Schicchi, SC 88: Aria "o mio babbino caro"
02:01:17 R.Strauss - Also sprach Zarathustra, Op. 30, TrV 176: I. Introduction

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Composer & Artist:
Composer: Johann Sebastian Bach
Artists: Various artists

About this Album:
This 11CD set brings together the music which Johann Sebastian Bach wrote for the celebration of the Nativity, the most important feast of the liturgical year. As Cantor of the Thomaskirche in Leipzig Bach had to write a Cantata for each Sunday, and the Christmas Season inspired him to write some of his most famous, festive and jubilant Cantatas.
This set contains the complete Christmas Oratorio, other Advent and Christmas Cantatas and organ works based on the well known Christmas melodies, such as Nun Komm der Heiden Heiland, In Dulci Jubilo and Von Himmel Hoch da Komm Ich Her. Excellent performances by the Dresdner Kreuzchor, Holland Boys Choir and Netherlands Bach Collegium, soloists Arleen Auger, Peter Schreier, Theo Adam and organist Stefano Molardi.
Recordings date from 1974/5, 2010 and 2013.
Contains newly commissioned liner notes on each piece in the set by Peter Quantrill.


Thanks for watching! Feel free to subscribe and visit our channel for the best classical music from the greatest composers like: Bach, Satie, Mozart, Tchaikovsky, Beethoven, Chopin, Haydn, Ravel, Debussy, Verdi, Vivaldi, Handel, Brahms, Liszt, Schubert, Mendelssohn, Rachmaninoff, Wagner, Strauss, Handel, Dvorak, Schubert and many more! We upload complete albums, music for relaxing, working, studying, meditating, concentrating, instrumental music, opera, violin, classical piano music, sonatas and more

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La palabra yoga literalmente significa «unión» o «fusionarse». Más que un conjunto de posturas físicas o ejercicios, Sadhguru define yoga como una ciencia para determinar la naturaleza de quién eres y qué quieres ser. Hoy en día, estudios científicos han demostrado que los fundamentos mismos de la actividad cerebral, la química interna y las predisposiciones genéticas, pueden ser modificadas practicando ciertos sistemas de yoga. Yoga es, esencialmente, una tecnología para cambiar la forma de quién eres tú.

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Yogui, místico y visionario, Sadhguru es un maestro espiritual con una diferencia. Una notable combinación de profundidad y pragmatismo, su vida y su trabajo sirven como recordatorio de que el yoga es una ciencia contemporánea, de vital relevancia en nuestro tiempo.

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Sadhguru responde una pregunta sobre el propósito de la vida y explica por qué tener un propósito «dado por Dios» solo restringirá la vida.

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Yogui, místico y visionario, Sadhguru es un maestro espiritual con una diferencia. Una notable combinación de profundidad y pragmatismo, su vida y su trabajo sirven como recordatorio de que el yoga es una ciencia contemporánea, de vital relevancia en nuestro tiempo.

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Sadhguru discute las causas y consecuencias de estar identificados con cosas que no somos. Él revela que, cuando estamos identificados con aquello que no somos; ya sean nuestras posesiones materiales, nuestra familia, nuestra educación, etc., tener una mente silenciosa se vuelve imposible.

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Yogui, místico y visionario, Sadhguru es un maestro espiritual con una diferencia. Una notable combinación de profundidad y pragmatismo, su vida y su trabajo sirven como recordatorio de que el yoga es una ciencia contemporánea, de vital relevancia en nuestro tiempo.

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Sadhguru indaga sobre por qué la gente sufre tanto estrés en el mundo actual. Si tú le preguntas a las personas por qué están estresadas, la respuesta de muchos sería que es a causa su trabajo. Pero, incluso si te ocuparas de su proceso de superviviencia y dejasen de trabajar, ellos no encontrarían contento en la vida.

Con la historia de un obispo de la Iglesia Ortodoxa que busca a un Yogui de la India, Sadhguru explica que la vida es, esencialmente, nuestra creación. Si hacemos las cosas correctas, la dicha será nuestra manera natural de estar. Pero si manejamos las cosas de forma inconsciente, nuestra situación interna podría volverse una absoluta confusión.

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Yogui, místico y visionario, Sadhguru es un maestro espiritual con una diferencia. Una notable combinación de profundidad y pragmatismo, su vida y su trabajo sirven como recordatorio de que el yoga es una ciencia contemporánea, de vital relevancia en nuestro tiempo.

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Respondiendo a una pregunta sobre cómo controlar la ira, Sadhguru clarifica que la ira no es una entidad externa que tenemos que controlar o evadir.
La razón fundamental por la cual la ira es un problema es porque nuestras mentes no están en nuestro control, y es precisamente eso lo que necesita ser atendido.

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Yogui, místico y visionario, Sadhguru es un maestro espiritual con una diferencia. Una notable combinación de profundidad y pragmatismo, su vida y su trabajo sirven como recordatorio de que el yoga es una ciencia contemporánea, de vital relevancia en nuestro tiempo.

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La práctica de Upa Yoga es una forma sencilla de activar los nódulos de energía en tus articulaciones y de ejercitar tus músculos, trayendo así alivio para todo el sistema.

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http://es.romereports.com Volveremos a ver el rostro sonriente de Juan Pablo II en la fachada de la San Pedro. Se convertirá oficialmente en un ejemplo para todos los católicos. Vivió una tan intensa que es fácil que se le escapen los motivos por los que ha llegado tan rápido a los altares. Para ayudarle a conocerlos, le damos algunos ejemplos.

http://es.romereports.com

Explicó su teoría “Propuesta de No Límite” en la Pontificia Academia de Ciencias.

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[DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA NOTICIA]

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ROME REPORTS es una Agencia de Noticias para TV, internacional e independiente, especializada en la actividad del Papa, la vida del Vaticano y los debates de actualidad sobre temas sociales, culturales o religiosos. Informar sobre la Iglesia Católica requiere cercanía a las fuentes, conocimiento en profundidad de la Institución, y elevados niveles de creatividad y competencia técnica.

ROME REPORTS informa directamente al público y cubre las necesidades de las emisoras mediante noticias diarias, programas informativos semanales y documentales especializados.

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ROME REPORTS es una Agencia de Noticias para TV, internacional e independiente, especializada en la actividad del Papa, la vida del Vaticano y los debates de actualidad sobre temas sociales, culturales o religiosos. Informar sobre la Iglesia Católica requiere cercanía a las fuentes, conocimiento en profundidad de la Institución, y elevados niveles de creatividad y competencia técnica.

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Tras cinco meses de trabajo, expertos recuperan pinturas originales de una de 155 las salas.

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ROME REPORTS es una Agencia de Noticias para TV, internacional e independiente, especializada en la actividad del Papa, la vida del Vaticano y los debates de actualidad sobre temas sociales, culturales o religiosos. Informar sobre la Iglesia Católica requiere cercanía a las fuentes, conocimiento en profundidad de la Institución, y elevados niveles de creatividad y competencia técnica.

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How does a group of animals -- or cells, for that matter -- work together when no one’s in charge? Tiny swarming robots--called Kilobots--work together to tackle tasks in the lab, but what can they teach us about the natural world?

↓ More info, videos, and sources below ↓

DEEP LOOK: a new ultra-HD (4K) short video series created by KQED San Francisco and presented by PBS Digital Studios. See the unseen at the very edge of our visible world. Get a new perspective on our place in the universe and meet extraordinary new friends. Explore big scientific mysteries by going incredibly small.

More KQED SCIENCE:

Tumblr: http://kqedscience.tumblr.com
Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/kqedscience
KQED Science: http://ww2.kqed.org/science

About Kilobots

How do you simultaneously control a thousand robots in a swarm? The question may seem like science fiction, but it’s one that has challenged real robotics engineers for decades.

In 2010, the Kilobot entered the scene. Now, engineers are programming these tiny independent robots to cooperate on group tasks. This research could one day lead to robots that can assemble themselves into machines, or provide insights into how swarming behaviors emerge in nature.

In the future, this kind of research might lead to collaborative robots that could self-assemble into a composite structure. This larger robot could work in dangerous or contaminated areas, like cleaning up oil spills or conducting search-and-rescue activities.

What is Emergent Behavior?

The universe tends towards chaos, but sometimes patterns emerge, like a flock of birds in flight. Like termites building skyscrapers out of mud, or fish schooling to avoid predators.

It’s called emergent behavior. Complex behaviors that arise from interactions between simple things. And you don’t just see it in nature.

What’s so interesting about kilobots is that individually, they’re pretty dumb.

They’re designed to be simple. A single kilobot can do maybe... three things: Respond to light. Measure a distance, sense the presence of other kilobots.

But these are swarm robots. They work together.

How do Kilobots work?

Kilobots were designed by Michael Rubenstein, a research scientist in the Self Organizing Systems Research Group at Harvard. Each robot consists of about $15 worth of parts: a microprocessor that is about as smart as a calculator, sensors for visible and infrared light, and two tiny cell-phone vibration units that allow it to move across a table. They are powered by a rechargeable lithium-ion battery, like those found in small electronics or watches.

The kilobots are programed all at once, as a group, using infrared light. Each kilobot gets the same set of instructions as the next. With just a few lines of programming, the kilobots, together, can act out complex natural processes.

The same kinds of simple instructions that kilobots use to self-assemble into shapes can make them mimic natural swarming behaviors, too. For example, kilobots can sync their flashing lights like a swarm of fireflies, differentiate similar to cells in an embryo and follow a scent trail like foraging ants.

Read the article for this video on KQED Science:
https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2....015/07/21/can-a-thou


More great DEEP LOOK episodes:

Where Are the Ants Carrying All Those Leaves?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-6oKJ5FGk24

What Happens When You Put a Hummingbird in a Wind Tunnel?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JyqY64ovjfY

Pygmy Seahorses: Masters of Camouflage
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q3CtGoqz3ww

Related videos from the PBS Digital Studios Network!

Is Ultron Inevitable? | It’s Okay to Be Smart
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Irmtk5QG8s

A History Of Robots | The Good Stuff
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TK-h4oATYSI

When Will We Worry About the Well-Being of Robots? | Idea Channel https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FLieeAUQWMs


Funding for Deep Look is provided in part by PBS Digital Studios and the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation. Deep Look is a project of KQED Science, which is supported by HopeLab, The David B. Gold Foundation; S. D. Bechtel, Jr. Foundation; The Dirk and Charlene Kabcenell Foundation; The Vadasz Family Foundation; Smart Family Foundation and the members of KQED.
#deeplook

You might suppose this catfish is sick, or just confused. But swimming belly-up actually helps it camouflage and breathe better than its right-side-up cousins.

SUBSCRIBE to Deep Look! http://goo.gl/8NwXqt

DEEP LOOK: a new ultra-HD (4K) short video series created by KQED San Francisco and presented by PBS Digital Studios. See the unseen at the very edge of our visible world. Get a new perspective on our place in the universe and meet extraordinary new friends. Explore big scientific mysteries by going incredibly small.

Normally, an upside-down fish in your tank is bad news. As in, it’s time for a new goldfish.

That’s because most fish have an internal air sac called a “swim bladder” that allows them to control their buoyancy and orientation. They fill the bladder with air when they want to rise, and deflate it when they want to sink. Fish without swim bladders, like sharks, have to swim constantly to keep from dropping to the bottom.

If an aquarium fish is listing to one side or flops over on its back, it often means it has swim bladder disease, a potentially life-threatening condition usually brought on parasites, overfeeding, or high nitrate levels in the water.

But for a few remarkable fish, being upside-down means everything is great.

In fact, seven species of catfish native to Central Africa live most of their lives upended. These topsy-turvy swimmers are anatomically identical to their right-side up cousins, despite having such an unusual orientation.

People’s fascination with the odd alignment of these fish goes back centuries. Studies of these quizzical fish have found a number of reasons why swimming upside down makes a lot of sense.

In an upside-down position, fish produce a lot less wave drag. That means upside-down catfish do a better job feeding on insect larvae at the waterline than their right-side up counterparts, who have to return to deeper water to rest.

There’s something else at the surface that’s even more important to a fish’s survival than food: oxygen. The gas essential to life readily dissolves from the air into the water, where it becomes concentrated in a thin layer at the waterline — right where the upside-down catfish’s mouth and gills are perfectly positioned to get it.

Scientists estimate that upside-down catfishes have been working out their survival strategy for as long at 35 million years. Besides their breathing and feeding behavior, the blotched upside-down catfish from the Congo Basin has also evolved a dark patch on its underside to make it harder to see against dark water.

That coloration is remarkable because it’s the opposite of most sea creatures, which tend to be darker on top and lighter on the bottom, a common adaptation called “countershading” that offsets the effects of sunlight.

The blotched upside-down catfish’s “reverse” countershading has earned it the scientific name negriventris, which means black-bellied.

--- How many kinds of fish swim upside down?

A total of seven species in Africa swim that way. Upside-down swimming may have evolved independent in a few of the species – and at least one more time in a catfish from Asia.

--- How do fish stay upright?

They have an air-filled swim bladder on the inside that that they can fill or deflate to maintain balance or to move up or down in the water column.

--- What are the benefits of swimming upside down?

Upside down, a fish swims more efficiently at the waterline, where there’s more oxygen and better access to some prey.

---+ Read the entire article on KQED Science:

https://www.kqed.org/science/1....922038/the-mystery-o

---+ For more information:

The California Academy of Sciences has upside-down catfish in its aquarium collection: https://www.calacademy.org/exh....ibits/steinhart-aqua

---+ More Great Deep Look episodes:

Take Two Leeches and Call Me in the Morning
https://youtu.be/O-0SFWPLaII

This Is Why Water Striders Make Terrible Lifeguards
https://youtu.be/E2unnSK7WTE

---+ See some great videos and documentaries from the PBS Digital Studios!

PBS Eons: What a Dinosaur Looks Like Under a Microscope
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4rvgiDXc12k

Origin of Everything: The Origin of Race in the USA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CVxAlmAPHec

---+ Follow KQED Science:

KQED Science: http://www.kqed.org/science
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---+ About KQED

KQED, an NPR and PBS affiliate in San Francisco, CA, serves Northern California and beyond with a public-supported alternative to commercial TV, Radio and web media.

Funding for Deep Look is provided in part by PBS Digital Studios. Deep Look is a project of KQED Science, which is supported by the S. D. Bechtel, Jr. Foundation, the Dirk and Charlene Kabcenell Foundation, the Vadasz Family Foundation, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the Fuhs Family Foundation Fund and the members of KQED.
#deeplook

What if you had to grow 20 pounds of bone on your forehead each year just to find a mate? In a bloody, itchy process, males of the deer family grow a new set of antlers every year, use them to fend off the competition, and lose their impressive crowns when breeding season ends.

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DEEP LOOK is a ultra-HD (4K) short video series created by KQED San Francisco and presented by PBS Digital Studios. See the unseen at the very edge of our visible world. Get a new perspective on our place in the universe. Explore big scientific mysteries by going incredibly small.

* WE’RE TAKING A BREAK FOR THE HOLIDAYS. WATCH OUR NEXT EPISODE ON JAN. 17, 2017. *

Antlers are bones that grow right out of an animal’s head. It all starts with little knobs called pedicles. Reindeer, elk, and their relatives in the cervid family, like moose and deer, are born with them. But in most species pedicles only sprout antlers in males, because antlers require testosterone.

The little antlers of a young tule elk, or a reindeer, are called spikes. Every year, a male grows a slightly larger set of antlers, until he becomes a “senior” and the antlers start to shrink.

While it’s growing, the bone is hidden by a fuzzy layer of skin and fur called velvet that carries blood rich in calcium and phosphorous to build up the bone inside.

When the antlers get hard, the blood stops flowing and the velvet cracks. It gets itchy and males scratch like crazy to get it off. From underneath emerges a clean, smooth antler.

Males use their antlers during the mating season as a warning to other males to stay away from females, or to woo the females. When their warnings aren’t heeded, they use them to fight the competition.

Once the mating season is over and the male no longer needs its antlers, the testosterone in its body drops and the antlers fall off. A new set starts growing almost right away.

--- What are antlers made of?

Antlers are made of bone.

--- What is antler velvet?

Velvet is the skin that covers a developing antler.

--- What animals have antlers?

Male members of the cervid, or deer, family grow antlers. The only species of deer in which females also grow antlers are reindeer.

--- Are antlers horns?

No. Horns, which are made of keratin (the same material our nails are made from), stay on an animal its entire life. Antlers fall off and grow back again each year.

---+ Read an article on KQED Science about how neuroscientists are investigating the potential of the nerves in antler velvet to return mobility to damaged human limbs, and perhaps one day even help paralyzed people:

https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2....016/12/06/rudolphs-a

---+ For more information on tule elk

https://www.nps.gov/pore/learn/nature/tule_elk.htm

---+ More Great Deep Look episodes:

The Sex Lives of Christmas Trees
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xEji9I4Tcjo

Watch These Frustrated Squirrels Go Nuts!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZUjQtJGaSpk

This Mushroom Starts Killing You Before You Even Realize It
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bl9aCH2QaQY

---+ See some great videos and documentaries from PBS Digital Studios!

The REAL Rudolph Has Bloody Antlers and Super Vision - Gross Science
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gB6ND8nXgjA

Global Weirding with Katharine Hayhoe: Texans don't care about climate change, right?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_r_6D2LXVs&list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV&index=25

It’s Okay To Be Smart: Why Don’t Woodpeckers Get Concussions?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bqBxbMWd8O0

---+ Follow KQED Science:

KQED Science: http://www.kqed.org/science
Tumblr: http://kqedscience.tumblr.com
Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/kqedscience

---+ About KQED

KQED, an NPR and PBS affiliate in San Francisco, CA, serves Northern California and beyond with a public-supported alternative to commercial TV, Radio and web media.

Funding for Deep Look is provided in part by PBS Digital Studios and the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation. Deep Look is a project of KQED Science, which is also supported by HopeLab, the S. D. Bechtel, Jr. Foundation, the Dirk and Charlene Kabcenell Foundation, the Vadasz Family Foundation, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the Smart Family Foundation and the members of KQED.
#deeplook

Support Deep Look on Patreon!! https://www.patreon.com/deeplook

Because it's hoarding protein. Not just for itself, but for the butterfly it will become and every egg that butterfly will lay. And it's about to lose its mouth... as it wriggles out of its skin during metamorphosis.

DEEP LOOK is a ultra-HD (4K) short video series created by KQED San Francisco and presented by PBS Digital Studios. See the unseen at the very edge of our visible world. Get a new perspective on our place in the universe and meet extraordinary new friends. Explore big scientific mysteries by going incredibly small.

* NEW VIDEOS EVERY OTHER TUESDAY! *

That caterpillar in your backyard is chewing through your best leaves for a good reason.

“Caterpillars have to store up incredible reserves of proteins,” said Carol Boggs, an ecologist at the University of South Carolina. “Nectar doesn’t have much protein. Most of the protein that goes to making eggs has to come from larval feeding.”

Caterpillars are the larval stage of a butterfly. Their complete transformation to pupa and then to butterfly is a strategy called holometaboly. Humans are in the minority among animals in that we don’t go through these very distinct, almost separate, lives. We start out as a smaller version of ourselves and grow bigger.

But from an evolutionary point of view, the way butterflies transform make sense.

“You have a larva that is an eating machine,” said Boggs. “It’s very well-suited to that. Then you’re turning it into a reproduction machine, the butterfly.”

Once it becomes a butterfly it will lose its mouth, grow a straw in its place and go on a liquid diet of sugary nectar and rotten fruit juices. Its main job will be to mate and lay eggs. Those eggs started to develop while it was a pupa, using protein that the caterpillar stored by gorging on leaves. We think of leaves as carbohydrates, but the nitrogen they contain makes them more than one quarter protein, said Boggs.

-- What are the stages of a butterfly?
Insects such as butterflies undergo a complete transformation, referred to by scientists as holometaboly. A holometabolous insect has a morphology in the juvenile state which is different from that in the adult and which undergoes a period of reorganization between the two, said Boggs. The four life stages are egg, larva (caterpillar), pupa (also known as chrysalis) and butterfly.

-- What if humans developed like butterflies?
“We’d go into a quiescent period when we developed different kind of eating organs and sensory organs,” said Boggs. “It would be as if we went into a pupa and developed straws as mouths and developed more elaborate morphology for smelling and developed wings. It brings up science fiction images.”

---+ Read the entire article on KQED Science:
https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2....017/07/11/why-is-the

---+ For more information:

Monarch Watch: http://www.monarchwatch.org

California Pipevine Swallowtail Project:
https://www.facebook.com/Calif....orniaPipevineSwallow
A forum organized by Tim Wong, who cares for the butterflies in the California Academy of Sciences’ rainforest exhibit. Wong’s page has beautiful photos and videos of California pipevine swallowtail butterflies at every stage – caterpillar, pupa and butterfly – and tips to create native butterfly habitat.

---+ More Great Deep Look episodes:

What Gives the Morpho Butterfly Its Magnificent Blue?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=29Ts7CsJDpg

This Vibrating Bumblebee Unlocks a Flower's Hidden Treasure
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SZrTndD1H10

Roly Polies Came From the Sea to Conquer the Earth
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sj8pFX9SOXE

In the Race for Life, Which Human Embryos Make It?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9mv_kuwQvoc

---+ See some great videos and documentaries from the PBS Digital Studios!

PBS Eons: When Did the First Flower Bloom?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=13aUo5fEjNY

CrashCourse: The History of Life on Earth - Crash Course Ecology #1
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sjE-Pkjp3u4

---+ Follow KQED Science:

KQED Science: http://www.kqed.org/science
Tumblr: http://kqedscience.tumblr.com
Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/kqedscience

---+ About KQED

KQED, an NPR and PBS affiliate in San Francisco, CA, serves Northern California and beyond with a public-supported alternative to commercial TV, Radio and web media.

Funding for Deep Look is provided in part by PBS Digital Studios and the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation. Deep Look is a project of KQED Science, which is also supported by HopeLab, the S. D. Bechtel, Jr. Foundation, the Dirk and Charlene Kabcenell Foundation, the Vadasz Family Foundation, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the Smart Family Foundation and the members of KQED.
#deeplook #caterpillars #butterflies

Those hundreds of powerful suckers on octopus arms do more than just stick. They actually smell and taste. This contributes to a massive amount of information for the octopus’s brain to process, so octopuses depend on their eight arms for help. (And no, it's not 'octopi.')

To keep up with Amy Standen, subscribe to her podcast The Leap - a podcast about people making dramatic, risky changes:

https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-leap/

DEEP LOOK is a ultra-HD (4K) short video series created by KQED San Francisco and presented by PBS Digital Studios. Explore big scientific mysteries by going incredibly small.

SUBSCRIBE to Deep Look! http://goo.gl/8NwXqt

* NEW VIDEOS EVERY OTHER TUESDAY! *

Everyone knows that an octopus has eight arms. And similar to our arms it uses them to grab things and move around. But that’s where the similarities end. Hundreds of suckers on each octopus arm give them abilities people can only dream about.

“The suckers are hands that also smell and taste,” said Rich Ross, senior biologist and octopus aquarist at the California Academy of Sciences.

Suckers are “very similar to our taste buds, from what little we know about them,” said University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, cephalopod biologist William Kier.

If these tasting, smelling suckers make you think of a human hand with a tongue and a nose stuck to it, that’s a good start. It all stems from the unique challenges an octopus faces as a result of having a flexible, soft body.

“This animal has no protection and is a wonderful meal because it’s all muscle,” said Kier.

So the octopus has adapted over time. It has about 500 million neurons (dogs have around 600 million), the cells that allow it to process and communicate information. And these neurons are distributed to make the most of its eight arms. An octopus’ central brain – located between its eyes – doesn’t control its every move. Instead, two thirds of the animal’s neurons are in its arms.
“It’s more efficient to put the nervous cells in the arm,” said neurobiologist Binyamin Hochner, of Hebrew University, in Jerusalem. “The arm is a brain of its own.”

This enables octopus arms to operate somewhat independently from the animal’s central brain. The central brain tells the arms in what direction and how fast to move, but the instructions on how to reach are embedded in each arm.

Octopuses have also evolved mechanisms that allow their muscles to move without the use of a skeleton. This same muscle arrangement enables elephant trunks and mammals’ tongues to unfurl.

“The arrangement of the muscle in your tongue is similar to the arrangement in the octopus arm,” said Kier.

In an octopus arm, muscles are arranged in different directions. When one octopus muscle contracts, it’s able to stretch out again because other muscles oriented in a different direction offer resistance – just as the bones in vertebrate bodies do. This skeleton of muscle, called a muscular hydrostat, is how an octopus gets its suckers to attach to different surfaces.

--- How many suction cups does an octopus have on each arm?

It depends on the species. Giant Pacific octopuses have up to 240 suckers on each arm.

--- Do octopuses have arms or tentacles?

Octopuses have arms, not tentacles. “The term ‘tentacle’ is used for lots of fleshy protuberances in invertebrates,” said Kier. “It just happens that the eight in octopuses are called arms.”

--- Can octopuses regrow a severed arm?

Yes!

---+ Read the entire article on KQED Science:

https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2....017/02/14/if-your-ha

---+ For more information:

The octopus research group at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gN81dtxilhE

---+ More Great Deep Look episodes:

You're Not Hallucinating. That's Just Squid Skin.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0wtLrlIKvJE

Watch These Frustrated Squirrels Go Nuts!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZUjQtJGaSpk

---+ See some great videos and documentaries from the PBS Digital Studios!

It’s Okay To Be Smart: Is This A NEW SPECIES?!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=asZ8MYdDXNc

BrainCraft: Your Brain in Numbers
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FFcbnf07QZ4

---+ Follow KQED Science:

KQED Science: http://www.kqed.org/science
Tumblr: http://kqedscience.tumblr.com
Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/kqedscience

---+ About KQED

KQED, an NPR and PBS affiliate in San Francisco, CA, serves Northern California and beyond with a public-supported alternative to commercial TV, Radio and web media.

Funding for Deep Look is provided in part by PBS Digital Studios and the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation. Deep Look is a project of KQED Science, which is also supported by HopeLab, the S. D. Bechtel, Jr. Foundation, the Dirk and Charlene Kabcenell Foundation, the Vadasz Family Foundation, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the Smart Family Foundation and the members of KQED.
#deeplook

It's an all-out brawl for prime beach real estate! These Caribbean crabs will tear each other limb from limb to get the best burrow. Luckily, they molt and regrow lost legs in a matter of weeks, and live to fight another day.

You can learn more about CuriosityStream at https://curiositystream.com/deeplook
Help Deep Look grow by supporting us on Patreon!!
https://www.patreon.com/deeplook

PBS Digital Studios Mega-playlist:

https://www.youtube.com/playli....st?list=PL1mtdjDVOoO

DEEP LOOK is a ultra-HD (4K) short video series created by KQED San Francisco and presented by PBS Digital Studios. See the unseen at the very edge of our visible world. Explore big scientific mysteries by going incredibly small.

On the sand-dune beaches where they live, male blackback land crabs do constant battle over territory. The stakes are high: If one of these baby-faced crabs secures a winning spot, he can invite a mate into his den, six or seven feet beneath the surface.

With all this roughhousing, more than feelings get hurt. The male crabs inevitably lose limbs and damage their shells in constant dust-ups. Luckily, like many other arthropods, a group that includes insects and spiders, these crabs can release a leg or claw voluntarily if threatened. It’s not unusual to see animals in the field missing two or three walking legs.

The limbs regrow at the next molt, which is typically once a year for an adult. When a molt cycle begins, tiny limb buds form where a leg or a claw has been lost. Over the next six to eight weeks, the buds enlarge while the crab reabsorbs calcium from its old shell and secretes a new, paper-thin one underneath.

In the last hour of the cycle, the crab gulps air to create enough internal pressure to pop open the top of its shell, called the carapace. As the crab pushes it way out, the same internal pressure helps uncoil the new legs. The replacement shell thickens and hardens, and the crab eats the old shell.

--- Are blackback land crabs edible?

Yes, but they’re not as popular as the major food species like Dungeness and King crab.

--- Where do blackback land crabs live?

They live throughout the Caribbean islands.

--- Does it hurt when they lose legs?

Hard to say, but they do have an internal mechanism for releasing limbs cleanly that prevents loss of blood.

---+ Read the entire article on KQED Science:

https://www.kqed.org/science/1....933532/whack-jab-cra

---+ For more information:

The Crab Lab at Colorado State University:
https://rydberg.biology.colostate.edu/mykleslab/

---+ More Great Deep Look episodes:

Want a Whole New Body? Ask This Flatworm How
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m12xsf5g3Bo

Daddy Longlegs Risk Life ... and Especially Limb ... to Survive
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tjDmH8zhp6o

---+ See some great videos and documentaries from the PBS Digital Studios!

Origin of Everything: The Origin of Gender
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5e12ZojkYrU

Hot Mess: Coral Reefs Are Dying. But They Don’t Have To.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MUAsFZuFQvQ

---+ Follow KQED Science:

KQED Science: http://www.kqed.org/science
Tumblr: http://kqedscience.tumblr.com
Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/kqedscience

---+ About KQED

KQED, an NPR and PBS affiliate in San Francisco, CA, serves Northern California and beyond with a public-supported alternative to commercial TV, Radio and web media.

Funding for Deep Look is provided in part by PBS Digital Studios. Deep Look is a project of KQED Science, which is also supported by the National Science Foundation, the Templeton Religion Trust, the Templeton World Charity Foundation, the S. D. Bechtel, Jr. Foundation, the Dirk and Charlene Kabcenell Foundation, the Vadasz Family Foundation, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the Fuhs Family Foundation and the members of KQED.

---+ Shoutout!

Congratulations to ?Jen Wiley?, who was the first to correctly ID the species of crab in our episode over at the Deep Look Community Tab:

https://www.youtube.com/channe....l/UC-3SbfTPJsL8fJAPK

#deeplook #pbsds #crab