Check out Sound Field: https://www.youtube.com/channe....l/UCvMLMyKPomE6kTTL9

Back in the late Miocene epoch, there was an island--or maybe a group of islands-- in the Mediterranean Sea that was populated with fantastic giant beasts. It’s a lesson in the very strange, but very real, powers of natural selection.

Thank you to these paleoartists for allowing us to use their wonderful illustrations:
Franz Anthony: https://252mya.com/gallery/franz-anthony
Stanton Fink: https://www.deviantart.com/avancna
Julio Lacerda: https://252mya.com/gallery/julio-lacerda
Nobu Tamura: https://spinops.blogspot.com/
Ceri Thomas: http://alphynix.tumblr.com/

Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios

Super special thanks to the following Patreon patrons for helping make Eons possible:

Katie Fichtner, Anthony Callaghan, XULIN GE, Po Foon Kwong, Larry Wilson, Merri Snaidman, Renzo Caimi, Ordenes, John Vanek, Neil H. Gray, Marilyn Wolmart, Esmeralda Rupp-Spangle, Gregory Donovan, Ehit Dinesh Agarwal, الخليفي سلطان, Gabriel Cortez, Marcus Lejon, Robert Arévalo, Robert Hill, Kelby Reid, Todd Dittman, Betsy Radley, PS, Philip Slingerland, Jose Garcia, Eric Vonk, Tony Wamsley, Henrik Peteri, Jonathan Wright, Jon Monteiro, James Bording, Brad Nicholls, Miles Chaston, Michael McClellan, Jeff Graham, Maria Humphrey, Nathan Paskett, Connor Jensen, Daisuke Goto, Hubert Rady, Gregory Kintz, Tyson Cleary, Chandler Bass, Maly Lor, Joao Ascensao, Tsee Lee, Sarah Fritts, Ron Harvey Jr, Jacob Gerke, Alex Yan

If you'd like to support the channel, head over to http://patreon.com/eons and pledge for some cool rewards!

Want to follow Eons elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/eonsshow
Twitter - https://twitter.com/eonsshow
Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/eonsshow/

References: https://bit.ly/2VCS4WF

Support us on Patreon! http://patreon.com/eons

Ratites have spread to Africa, Australia, New Zealand, and South America. And there are fossils of Ratites in Europe, Asia, and North America too. That’s a lot of ground to cover for birds that can’t fly. So how did Ratites end up all over the world?

Thanks to Ceri Thomas for the Lithornithid reconstruction. Check out more of Ceri's paleoart at http://alphynix.tumblr.com and http://nixillustration.com

Thanks as always to Nobu Tamura for allowing us to use his wonderful paleoart: http://spinops.blogspot.com/

Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios

Super special thanks to the following Patreon patrons for helping make Eons possible:

Katie Fichtner, Aldo Espinosa Zúñiga, Anthony Callaghan, Esmeralda Rupp-Spangle, Gregory Donovan, Ehit Dinesh Agarwal, الخليفي سلطان, Gabriel Cortez, Marcus Lejon, Anel Salas, Robert Arévalo, Robert Hill, Kelby Reid, Todd Dittman, Betsy Radley, PS, Colin Sylvester, Philip Slingerland, John Vanek, Jose Garcia, Noah offitzer, Eric Vonk, Tony Wamsley, Henrik Peteri, Jonathan Wright, Jon Monteiro, James Bording, Brad Nicholls, Miles Chaston, Michael McClellan, Jeff Graham, Maria Humphrey, Nathan Paskett, Connor Jensen, Sapjes, Daisuke Goto, Hubert Rady, Yuntao Zhou, Gregory Kintz, Tyson Cleary, Chandler Bass, Maly Lor, Joao Ascensao, Tsee Lee, Sarah Fritts, Ruben Winter, Ron Harvey Jr, Jacob Gerke, Alex Yan

If you'd like to support the channel, head over to http://patreon.com/eons and pledge for some cool rewards!

Want to follow Eons elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/eonsshow
Twitter - https://twitter.com/eonsshow
Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/eonsshow/

References:
http://www.pnas.org/content/ea....rly/2014/03/14/13149
https://researchcommons.waikat....o.ac.nz/handle/10289
https://www.sciencedirect.com/....science/article/pii/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/....science/article/pii/
https://journals.plos.org/plos....one/article?id=10.13
https://www.researchgate.net/p....ublication/228865624
https://www.jstor.org/stable/3545707
http://www.pnas.org/content/115/7/1546
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.co....m/doi/abs/10.1111/j.
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature01871
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p....mc/articles/PMC27916
https://www.sciencedirect.com/....science/article/pii/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p....mc/articles/PMC18100
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/324/5923/42
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature01838
https://academic.oup.com/bioli....nnean/article/112/4/
http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5660
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.co....m/doi/abs/10.1111/j.
http://science.sciencemag.org/....content/344/6186/898
http://rspb.royalsocietypublis....hing.org/content/276
https://digital.library.adelai....de.edu.au/dspace/han
http://www.pnas.org/content/110/42/16910
https://dspace.flinders.edu.au..../xmlui/handle/2328/3
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27989673
https://www.tandfonline.com/do....i/full/10.1080/02724
https://www.notornis.osnz.org.....nz/notes-weight-flyi
https://www.jstor.org/stable/2462941
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.co....m/doi/abs/10.1002/jm

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you

Not too long ago, our early human ancestors were under constant threat of attack from predators. And it turns out that this difficult chapter in our history may be responsible for the adaptations that allowed us to become so successful.

Thanks to Julio Lacerda and Studio 252mya for the illustrations of the Taung Child. You can find more of Julio's work here: https://252mya.com/gallery/julio-lacerda

Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios

Super special thanks to the following Patreon patrons for helping make Eons possible:
Katie Fichtner, Anthony Callaghan, Renzo Caimi Ordenes, John Vanek, Neil H. Gray, Marilyn Wolmart, Esmeralda Rupp-Spangle, Gregory Donovan, Ehit Dinesh Agarwal, الخليفي سلطان , Gabriel Cortez, Marcus Lejon, Robert Arévalo, Robert Hill, Kelby Reid, Todd Dittman, Betsy Radley, PS, Colin Sylvester, Philip Slingerland, Jose Garcia, Eric Vonk, Tony Wamsley, Henrik Peteri, Jonathan Wright, Jon Monteiro, James Bording, Brad Nicholls, Miles Chaston, Michael McClellan, Jeff Graham, Maria Humphrey, Nathan Paskett, Connor Jensen, Daisuke Goto, Hubert Rady, Yuntao Zhou, Gregory Kintz, Tyson Cleary, Chandler Bass, Maly Lor, Joao Ascensao, Tsee Lee, Sarah Fritts, Ruben Winter, Ron Harvey Jr, Jacob Gerke, Alex Yan

If you'd like to support the channel, head over to http://patreon.com/eons and pledge for some cool rewards!

Want to follow Eons elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/eonsshow
Twitter - https://twitter.com/eonsshow
Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/eonsshow/

References:
http://humanorigins.si.edu/evi....dence/human-fossils/
http://humanorigins.si.edu/evi....dence/human-fossils/
http://humanorigins.si.edu/evi....dence/human-fossils/
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/sci....ence/nature/4729050.
http://time.com/5424347/remain....s-neanderthal-giant-
http://scienceinpoland.pap.pl/....en/news/news%2C31287
Berger, L. R. (2006). Brief communication: Predatory bird damage to the Taung type-skull of Australopithecus africanus Dart 1925. American Journal of Physical Anthropology: The Official Publication of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists, 131(2), 166-168.
Berger, L. R., & Clarke, R. J. (1995). Eagle involvement in accumulation of the Taung child fauna. Journal of Human Evolution, 29(3), 275-299.
Berger, L. R., & McGraw, W. S. (2007). Further evidence for eagle predation of, and feeding damage on, the Taung child. South African Journal of Science, 103(11-12), 496-498.
Blumenschine, R. J., Stanistreet, I. G., Njau, J. K., Bamford, M. K., Masao, F. T., Albert, R. M., ... & Fernández-Jalvo, Y. (2012). Environments and hominin activities across the FLK Peninsula during Zinjanthropus times (1.84 Ma), Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. Journal of Human Evolution, 63(2), 364-383.
Brain, C. K. (1970). New finds at the Swartkrans australopithecine site. Nature, 225(5238), 1112.
Brain, C. K. (1983). The hunters or the hunted?: an introduction to African cave taphonomy. University of Chicago Press.
Bunn, H. T. (1991). A taphonomic perspective on the archaeology of human origins. Annual Review of Anthropology, 20(1), 433-467.
Dart, R. A. (1949). The predatory implemental technique of Australopithecus. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 7(1), 1-38.
Dart, R. A. (1953). The predatory transition from ape to man. Brill.
Dart, R. A. (1958). The Minimal Bone-Breccia Content of Makapansgat and the Australopithecine Predatory Habit. American Anthropologist, 60(5), 923-931.
Hart, D. (2018). Man the hunted: Primates, predators, and human evolution. Routledge.
Hart, D., & Sussman, R. W. (2011). The influence of predation on primate and early human evolution: impetus for cooperation. In Origins of Altruism and Cooperation (pp. 19-40). Springer, New York, NY.
Njau, J. K., & Blumenschine, R. J. (2006). A diagnosis of crocodile feeding traces on larger mammal bone, with fossil examples from the Plio-Pleistocene Olduvai Basin, Tanzania. Journal of Human Evolution, 50(2), 142-162.
Njau, J. K., & Blumenschine, R. J. (2012). Crocodylian and mammalian carnivore feeding traces on hominid fossils from FLK 22 and FLK NN 3, Plio-Pleistocene, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. Journal of human evolution, 63(2), 408-417.
Pickering, T. R., Schick, K. D., & Toth, N. P. (Eds.). (2007). Breathing life into fossils: taphonomic studies in honor of CK (Bob) Brain. Gosport, IN: Stone Age Institute Press.
Tobias, P. V. (1990). When and by whom was the Taung skull discovered. Para conocer al hombre: homenaje a Santiago Genovése. Mexico City: Universidad Nacional Autonoma da Mexico, 207-213.
Washburn, S. L. (1957). Australopithecines: the hunters or the hunted?. American Anthropologist, 59(4), 612-614.
Zuberbühler, K., & Jenny, D. (2002). Leopard predation and primate evolution. Journal of Human Evolution, 43(6), 873-886.

Check out Hot Mess: https://www.youtube.com/channe....l/UCsaEBhRsI6tmmz12f

420 million years ago, some fish were more medieval. They wore armor, sometimes made of big plates, and sometimes made of interlocking scales. But that armor may actually have served a totally different purpose, one that many animals still use today.

Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios

Super special thanks to the following Patreon patrons for helping make Eons possible:
Aldo Espinosa Zúñiga, Betsy Radley, Svetlana Pylaeva, Colin Sylvester, Philip Slingerland, John Vanek, Jose Garcia, Noah offitzer, Eric Vonk, Tony Wamsley, Henrik Peteri, Jonathan Wright, Wilco Verweij, Jon Monteiro, James Bording, Brad Nicholls, Miles Chaston, Michael McClellan, Elysha Nygård, Jeff Graham, Maria Humphrey, Nathan Paskett, Connor Jensen, Ehit Dinesh Agarwal, Sapjes, Dave, Daisuke Goto, Zachary Winkler, Hubert Rady, Yuntao Zhou, Gregory Kintz, Tyson Cleary, Chandler Bass, Maly Lor, Joao Ascensao, Tsee Lee, Sarah Fritts, phil parker, Ruben Winter, Ron Harvey Jr, Joshua Mitchell, Johnny Li, Katie Fichtner, Budjarn Lambeth, Jacob Gerke, Katie M Vasilescu, Brandon Burke, Alex Yan, Jordon Sokoll

If you'd like to support the channel, head over to http://patreon.com/eons and pledge for some cool rewards!

Want to follow Eons elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/eonsshow
Twitter - https://twitter.com/eonsshow
Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/eonsshow/

References:
Sim, Min Sub, Shuhei Ono, and Matthew T. Hurtgen. "Sulfur isotope evidence for low and fluctuating sulfate levels in the Late Devonian ocean and the potential link with the mass extinction event." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 419 (2015): 52-62.
Sallan, Lauren, and Andrew K. Galimberti. "Body-size reduction in vertebrates following the end-Devonian mass extinction." Science 350.6262 (2015): 812-815.
Afanassieva, O. B. "On the growth and regeneration of the exoskeleton in early jawless vertebrates (Osteostraci, Agnatha)." Doklady Biological Sciences. Vol. 466. No. 1. Pleiades Publishing, 2016.
Anderson, Philip SL, and Mark W. Westneat. "Feeding mechanics and bite force modelling of the skull of Dunkleosteus terrelli, an ancient apex predator." Biology Letters 3.1 (2007): 77-80. http://rsbl.royalsocietypublis....hing.org/content/3/1
Arsenault, Marius, et al. "New data on the soft tissues and external morphology of the antiarch Bothriolepis canadensis (Whiteaves, 1880), from the Upper Devonian of Miguasha, Quebec." Recent Advances in the Origin and Early Radiation of Vertebrates: Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München (2004): 439-454. http://www.pfeil-verlag.de/wp-....content/uploads/2015
Brazeau, Martin D., and Matt Friedman. "The origin and early phylogenetic history of jawed vertebrates." Nature 520.7548 (2015): 490.
Brett, Carlton E., and Sally E. Walker. "Predators and predation in Paleozoic marine environments." The Paleontological Society Papers 8 (2002): 93-118. https://www.cambridge.org/core..../journals/the-paleon
Carr, ROBERT K. "Paleoecology of Dunkleosteus terrelli (Placodermi: Arthrodira)." KirtlandIa, the Cleveland Museum of Natural History 57 (2010): 36-55.
Carr, Robert, K. "Placoderm diversity and evolution." Bulletin du Muséum national d'histoire naturelle: Sciences de la terre, paléontologie, géologie, minéralogie. Section C 17 (1995): 85. https://www.researchgate.net/p....rofile/Robert_Carr2/
Chevrinais, Marion, Claire Jacquet, and Richard Cloutier. "Early establishment of vertebrate trophic interactions: Food web structure in Middle to Late Devonian fish assemblages with exceptional fossilization." Bulletin of Geosciences 92.4 (2017): 491-510.
De Vleeschouwer, David, et al. "Timing and pacing of the Late Devonian mass extinction event regulated by eccentricity and obliquity." Nature communications 8.1 (2017): 2268. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-02407-1
Denison, Robert H. "The soft anatomy of Bothriolepis." Journal of Paleontology (1941): 553-561. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1298812
Doherty, Alison H., Cameron K. Ghalambor, and Seth W. Donahue. "Evolutionary physiology of bone: bone metabolism in changing environments." Physiology 30.1 (2015): 17-29.
Donoghue, Philip CJ, and Ivan J. Sansom. "Origin and early evolution of vertebrate skeletonization." Microscopy research and technique 59.5 (2002): 352-372.
Giles, Sam, Matt Friedman, and Martin D. Brazeau. "Osteichthyan-like cranial conditions in an Early Devonian stem gnathostome." Nature 520.7545 (2015): 82. https://www.nature.com/articles/nature14065

We've hit YouTube's description character limit so you can find all references we used in this video here: https://pastebin.com/raw/XkhEwmyU

Learn more about Hack the Moon at https://wehackthemoon.com

Check out Reactions’s Summer of Space video on the Northern Lights! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8S_LPFOa-zs

Throughout the Pleistocene Epoch, the range of the woolly rhino grew and shrank in sync with global climate. So what caused the climate -- and the range of the woolly rhino -- to cycle back and forth between such extremes?

Thanks to Julio Lacerda and Studio 252mya for the excellent Woolly Rhino illustration. You can find more of Julio's work here: https://252mya.com/gallery/julio-lacerda

Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios

Super special thanks to the following Patreon patrons for helping make Eons possible:
Katie Fichtner, Anthony Callaghan, Stefan Weber, Ilya Murashov, Charles Kahle, Robert Amling, Po Foon Kwong, Larry Wilson, Merri Snaidman, Renzo Caimi Ordenes, John Vanek, Neil H. Gray, Esmeralda Rupp-Spangle, Gregory Donovan, الخليفي سلطان, Gabriel Cortez, Marcus Lejon, Robert Arévalo, Robert Hill, Todd Dittman, Betsy Radley, PS, Philip Slingerland, Jose Garcia, Eric Vonk, Tony Wamsley, Henrik Peteri, Jonathan Wright, Jon Monteiro, James Bording, Brad Nicholls, Miles Chaston, Michael McClellan, Jeff Graham, Maria Humphrey, Nathan Paskett, Connor Jensen, Daisuke Goto, Hubert Rady, Gregory Kintz, Tyson Cleary, Chandler Bass, Maly Lor, Joao Ascensao, Tsee Lee, Sarah Fritts, Jacob Gerke, Alex Yan

If you'd like to support the channel, head over to http://patreon.com/eons and pledge for some cool rewards!

Want to follow Eons elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/eonsshow
Twitter - https://twitter.com/eonsshow
Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/eonsshow/

References:
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.co....m/doi/10.1111/j.1502
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature08024
https://science.sciencemag.org..../content/349/6248/60
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature11493
https://www.sciencedirect.com/....science/article/pii/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/....science/article/abs/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/....science/article/abs/
https://science.sciencemag.org..../content/255/5044/56
https://science.sciencemag.org..../content/297/5585/12
https://science.sciencemag.org..../content/207/4434/94
https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.....wiley.com/doi/full/1
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001AGM....18.SC12D
https://data.giss.nasa.gov/ar5/srorbpar.html
https://www.sciencedirect.com/....science/article/abs/
https://www.researchgate.net/p....ublication/285683499
http://biocycle.atmos.colostat....e.edu/shiny/Milankov
http://curry.eas.gatech.edu/Co....urses/5225/ency/Chap
Markovic, A. "Woolly rhinoceros Coelodonta antiquitatis (Blumenbach, 1803) from Pleistocene of Serbia." Bulletin of the Natural History Museum of Belgrade (A) 47 (1998): 217-237.

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you

Try CuriosityStream today: http://curiositystream.com/eons

Fossilized footprints have proved that human ancestors were already striding across the landscape 3.6 million years ago. But who started them on that path? What species pioneered this style of locomotion? Who was the first to walk?

Check out our new sticker! https://store.dftba.com/collec....tions/all/products/e

Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios

Super special thanks to the following Patreon patrons for helping make Eons possible:
Katie Fichtner, Aldo Espinosa Zúñiga, Anthony Callaghan, Marcus Lejon, Anel Salas, Robert Arévalo, Robert Hill, Kelby Reid, Todd Dittman, Betsy Radley, Svetlana Pylaeva, Colin Sylvester, Philip Slingerland, John Vanek, Jose Garcia, Noah offitzer, Eric Vonk, Tony Wamsley, Henrik Peteri, Jonathan Wright, Wilco Verweij, Jon Monteiro, James Bording, Brad Nicholls, Miles Chaston, Michael McClellan, Elysha Nygård, Jeff Graham, Maria Humphrey, Nathan Paskett, Connor Jensen, Sapjes, Daisuke Goto, Hubert Rady, Yuntao Zhou, Gregory Kintz, Tyson Cleary, Chandler Bass, Maly Lor, Joao Ascensao, Tsee Lee, Sarah Fritts, Ruben Winter, Ron Harvey Jr, Joshua Mitchell, Johnny Li, Jacob Gerke, Brandon Burke, Alex Yan

If you'd like to support the channel, head over to http://patreon.com/eons and pledge for some cool rewards!

Want to follow Eons elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/eonsshow
Twitter - https://twitter.com/eonsshow
Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/eonsshow/

References:
http://humanorigins.si.edu/evi....dence/human-fossils/
http://humanorigins.si.edu/evi....dence/behavior/footp
https://www.smithsonianmag.com..../science-nature/beco
https://www.nature.com/news/20....07/070716/full/news0
Dericquebourg, P., Person, A., Ségalen, L., Pickford, M., Senut, B., & Fagel, N. (2015). Environmental significance of Upper Miocene phosphorites at hominid sites in the Lukeino Formation (Tugen Hills, Kenya). Sedimentary Geology, 327, 43-54.
Thorpe, S. K., McClymont, J. M., & Crompton, R. H. (2014). The arboreal origins of human bipedalism. Antiquity, 88(341), 906-914.
Harcourt-Smith, W. H. (2010). The first hominins and the origins of bipedalism. Evolution: Education and Outreach, 3(3), 333-340.
Brunet, M., Guy, F., Pilbeam, D., Lieberman, D. E., Likius, A., Mackaye, H. T., ... & Vignaud, P. (2005). New material of the earliest hominid from the Upper Miocene of Chad. Nature, 434(7034), 752.
Richmond, B. G., & Jungers, W. L. (2008). Orrorin tugenensis femoral morphology and the evolution of hominin bipedalism. Science, 319(5870), 1662-1665.
Begun, D. R. (2004). The earliest hominins--is less more?. Science, 303(5663), 1478-1480.
Lovejoy, C. O., Latimer, B., Suwa, G., Asfaw, B., & White, T. D. (2009). Combining prehension and propulsion: the foot of Ardipithecus ramidus. Science, 326(5949), 72-72e8.
Lovejoy, C. O., Suwa, G., Spurlock, L., Asfaw, B., & White, T. D. (2009). The pelvis and femur of Ardipithecus ramidus: the emergence of upright walking. Science, 326(5949), 71-71e6.
White, T. D., Suwa, G., & Asfaw, B. (1994). Australopithecus ramidus, a new species of early hominid from Aramis, Ethiopia. Nature, 371(6495), 306.
Leakey, M. G., Feibel, C. S., McDougall, I., & Walker, A. (1995). New four-million-year-old hominid species from Kanapoi and Allia Bay, Kenya. Nature, 376(6541), 565.
White, T. D., WoldeGabriel, G., Asfaw, B., Ambrose, S., Beyene, Y., Bernor, R. L., ... & Hart, W. K. (2006). Asa Issie, Aramis and the origin of Australopithecus. Nature, 440(7086), 883.
Masao, F. T., Ichumbaki, E. B., Cherin, M., Barili, A., Boschian, G., Iurino, D. A., ... & Manzi, G. (2016). New footprints from Laetoli (Tanzania) provide evidence for marked body size variation in early hominins. elife, 5, e19568.
Almécija, S., Tallman, M., Alba, D. M., Pina, M., Moyà-Solà, S., & Jungers, W. L. (2013). The femur of Orrorin tugenensis exhibits morphometric affinities with both Miocene apes and later hominins. Nature Communications, 4, 2888.

In this video I share some highlights from my Patreon painting tutorials.

REAL-TIME PAINTING VIDEOS, TUTORIALS and other helpful materials ▶ https://www.patreon.com/dariacallie

In my recent walk-through painting tutorial on Patreon I talk about:
Part 1: Surface preparation, concept sketching, taking a reference photo, color mixing, transferring the outlines.
Part 2: Painting a portrait, oil painting tips, common mistakes.
Part 3: Analyzing, adjusting things, glazing and basically doing all the finishing touches.

▷ For prints and original paintings please visit https://dariacallie.com/store/



CONNECT WITH ME:
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/dariacallie/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/DariaCallieArt/
Website: https://www.dariacallie.com/


Materials used:
• Oil paints - "Nevskaya palitra"
Colors: Burnt Umber, Cadmium Yellow Pale, Ultramarine Blue, Cadmium Red and Titanium White.
For glazing I used Cadmium Red, Cadmium Yellow Pale and Cobalt Violet Deep.
• Primed 280gsm paper or linen canvas
• Acrylic primer “Sonnet”
• Paint thinner (odorless mineral spirits)
• Medium (stand linseed oil)
• Brushes - Detail brushes & Filbert synthetic brushes of different sizes
• Glass palette (homemade)
• Palette knife (from a local art-store)
• Paper towels (or tissues that I use to wipe the brushes)

In this video I’m showing the process of working on a 50x50 cm (19.7x19.7 inches) oil painting.

REAL-TIME PAINTING VIDEOS, TUTORIALS and other helpful materials ▶ https://www.patreon.com/dariacallie

▷ For prints and original paintings please visit https://dariacallie.com/store/

CONNECT WITH ME:
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/dariacallie/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/DariaCallieArt/
Website: http://www.dariacallie.com/


Materials used:

• Oil paints - Gamblin Oil Colors and Nevskaya palitra (russian brand)
Colors: Burnt umber, Cadmium Yellow, Ultramarine Blue, Cadmium Red and Titanium White.
(I have a color-mixing video where I explain how I premix my palette - https://youtu.be/kKT1gXBC_L4 )
In addition I have a couple of colors that I use sometimes: Ivory Black, Celestial Blue and Cobalt Violet Deep.
• Primed linen canvas (from a local art-store)
• Paint thinner (odorless mineral spirits)
• Medium (stand linseed oil)
• Brushes - Detail brushes & Filbert synthetic brushes of different sizes
• Glass palette (homemade)
• Palette knife (from a local art-store)
• Paper towels (or tissues that I use to wipe the brushes)


Music: “FLIGHT” by A. Taylor
https://soundcloud.com/a-taylor

In this video I’m showing the process of working on an oil painting titled “Whereabout”. My camera kept failing and that’s why there are missing pieces in the video. I hope it’s okay though :)

REAL-TIME PAINTING VIDEOS, TUTORIALS and other helpful materials ▶ https://www.patreon.com/dariacallie

▷ For prints and original paintings please visit https://dariacallie.com/store/


CONNECT WITH ME:
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/dariacallie/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/DariaCallieArt/
Website: https://www.dariacallie.com/


Materials used:
• Oil paints - "Nevskaya palitra"
Colors: Burnt Umber, Cadmium Yellow Pale, Ultramarine Blue, Cadmium Red and Titanium White.
In addition I have a couple of colors that I use sometimes: Ivory Black, Celestial Blue and Cobalt Violet Deep.
• Frosted acrylic panel
• Paint thinner (odorless mineral spirits)
• Medium (stand linseed oil)
• Brushes - Detail brushes & Filbert synthetic brushes of different sizes
• Glass palette (homemade)
• Palette knife (from a local art-store)
• Paper towels (or tissues that I use to wipe the brushes)


Music: “Le Premier Matin” by Mindthings
https://soundcloud.com/mindthi....ngs/le-premier-matin

This video shows how to draw the head in any angle, based on the Andrew Loomis method.
Get my drawing book: http://amzn.to/1K7L8Ed
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Do you want to help me translating it into your language?
(Note: First check if it hasn´t been translated already by pressing the "CC" button on the lower part of the video).
To translate the title of the video and the subtitles, all you need to do is to please go to the following link and translate (you don't necessarily need to do the whole thing, you can do a section and other people in the community can finish it). Thank you!:
http://www.youtube.com/timedtext_video?v=txotyFfwvqk&ref=share

If you would like to invest in a drawing, painting or sculpture by Leonardo Pereznieto, or to hire him for workshops or lectures, please write to: info@leopereznieto.com (Business only, not for personal messages.)

List of materials:

- Book: Drawing the Head and Hands, by Andrew Loomis - https://amzn.to/2PXqYdC

(This is a companion great book for figure drawing, which I didn't use for this tutorial, but I do recommend it: Figure Drawing for all its Worth, by Andrew Loomis - https://amzn.to/2qIcXlO )

- Mechanical pencil: Tutto3, with 0.3mm 2H lead, 0.5 HB and 0.7 mm 2B lead - http://oartinternational.com/tutto3/

- Kneaded eraser Prismacolor - See it here: http://amzn.to/2cvi6G7

- Copy paper, white 8 1/2 x 11 - https://amzn.to/2RTFNLP

- iPad Pro 12.9 inches (with Procreate software for drawing) - https://amzn.to/2z818Kx

- Apple Pencil - https://amzn.to/2T37V0a


- See my materials at my new "Amazon Influencer" page:
https://www.amazon.com/shop/fineart-tips

Recording Equipment:

Video camera: Panasonic HC-V380K - http://amzn.to/2xJwVmb

“L” shaped camera tripod - http://amzn.to/2xKUcnX

Mic: Blue Jeti - http://amzn.to/2gnwxCp
Pop filter (Mic screen) - http://amzn.to/2ysgn0T
Mic Foam Windacreen - http://amzn.to/2zeiYc8

- Lighting: Studio soft boxes: http://amzn.to/2xKSxhW

Laptop: Apple MacBookPro 13”. Mine is an older version of this beauty: http://amzn.to/2xKzHHL (note, the software I use for editing is Final Cut.)

Some of the above links are affiliate links.

If you would like to see photos and brands of my tools, please go to my blog about materials with the following link:

http://fineart-tips.blogspot.m....x/2015/07/my-drawing


Download Fine Art-Tips mobile app:

On the Apple Store:

For iPhone/iPad free: https://itunes.apple.com/us/ap....p/fine-art-tips-draw

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On Google Play:

For Android free: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=allmax.fine.art.tips.free2&hl=en

For Android, Premium: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=allmax.fine.art.tips2&hl=en

You may also follow me on:

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My Pinterest: http://pinterest.com/ArtistLeonardo/

My VK: http://vk.com/leonardopereznieto

My website: http://www.artistleonardo.com/

I wish you great creations!

Audio file(s) provided by http://www.audiomicro.com

This tutorial shows How to Draw the Head from Any Angle - Loomis Method

Visit me on FB: https://www.facebook.com/LeonardoPereznieto
Follow Fine Art Tips on Google+: http://goo.gl/TqsmiJ
My website: http://www.leonardopereznieto.com/

Do you want to help me translating it into your language?
(Note: First check if it hasn´t been translated already by pressing the "CC" button on the lower part of the video).
All you need to do is to please translate the file at the link below and send it to me:
https://drive.google.com/file/....d/0B0UOw8r7hWG2ZVlUZ

Visit: http://www.fineartebooks.com/ for free drawing tutorials.

If you would like to invest in a drawing, painting or sculpture by Leonardo Pereznieto, or to hire him for workshops or lectures, please write to: info@leopereznieto.com (Business only, not for personal messages.)

List of materials:


Round brushes n. 2 and n.10
Blue and red Chinese ink
Green watercolour (I didn't have green Chinese ink, so used this).
Fabriano white watercolor paper, fine grain
Yellow cardboard paper
dropper

If you would like to see photos and brands of my tools, please go to my blog about materials with the following link:

http://www.fineartebooks.com/howtodraw_drawingschool/My_Blog/Entries/2012/8/1_My_materials.html

You may also follow me on:

My Blog: http://www.fineartebooks.com/howtodraw_drawingschool/My_Blog/My_Blog.html

My Twitter: https://twitter.com/#!/ArtistLeonardo

Fine Art Tips on Google+: http://goo.gl/TqsmiJ

My Google+ page as an artist (with my sculptures, paintings, etc): http://goo.gl/n7p96D

My Instagram: http://instagram.com/artistleonardo

My LinkedIn: http://www.linkedin.com/profile/view?id=89957576&trk=tab_pro

My Vine: https://vine.co/v/hKnn3rbwJmT

My Pinterest: http://pinterest.com/ArtistLeonardo/

My VK: http://vk.com/leonardopereznieto

My website Leonardo Pereznieto: http://www.leonardopereznieto.com/leo/Intro.html

I wish you great creations!

Audio file(s) provided by http://www.jewelbeat.com

This tutorial shows How to Paint With Ink - Amazing Drawings "Magically" Appearing
Wie man mit Tinte malt
마술처럼" 나타나는 잉크화 그리기

My How to Draw Book: http://amzn.to/1K7L8Ed

Subscribe on Patreon for longer videos: https://www.patreon.com/artistleonardo

Visit my FB Gallery: https://www.facebook.com/LeonardoPereznieto

Visit my website: http://www.artistleonardo.com/

Do you want to learn how to draw effects and different materials? Today I would teach you to draw, step by step, a drop of water, and I’ll show you who to apply this technic to a work of art. It is a realism challenge.

Subscribe to Fine Art-Tips for good drawing and painting advices. It’s time to see and understand art in a fun way!

Would you like longer videos? Subscribe on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/artistleonardo


List of materials:

Lead Holder (2mm leads), black. - See a similar one here: http://amzn.to/2kSuarK
H 2mm leads. See them here: http://amzn.to/2kWVjFU
Lead pointer - See it here: http://amzn.to/2ktexWH
Kneaded eraser Prismacolor - See it here: http://amzn.to/2cvi6G7
Soft, synthetic brush
Gray toned paper

Visit me on Google+ https://plus.google.com/u/0/11....1857897747330152383/

Visit: http://www.fineartebooks.com/ for free drawing tutorials.

If you want to invest in a drawing, painting or sculpture by Leonardo Pereznieto, please write to: info@leonardopereznieto.com

You may also follow me on:

My Blog: http://www.fineartebooks.com/howtodraw_drawingschool/My_Blog/Entries/2012/7/26_Day_of_longboarding.html

Twitter: https://twitter.com/#!/ArtistLeonardo

LinkedIn: http://www.linkedin.com/profile/view?id=89957576&trk=tab_pro

Google+: https://plus.google.com/u/0/11....1857897747330152383/

VK: http://vk.com/leonardopereznieto

Leonardo Pereznieto: http://www.leonardopereznieto.com/leo/Intro.html

By Leonardo Pereznieto

Do you want to help me translating the subtitles into your language?

(Note: First check if it hasn´t been translated already by pressing the "CC" button on the lower part of the video).

If not in your language, please use the following link to translate it: http://www.youtube.com/timedtext_video?v=82e3Osa83_w&ref=share

Thank you! :)

как рисовать капли воды
як малювати краплі води
كيفية رسم قطرة ماء
如何畫好水滴
hoe je een waterdruppel te trekken
comment dessiner une goutte d'eau
Wie zeichnet man eine Wasser-Tropfen
come disegnare una goccia d'acqua
jak narysować kroplę wody
como desenhar uma gota de água
cum să atragă o picătură de apă
hogyan kell felhívni a vízcsepp
cum să atragă o picătură de apă
hoe je een waterdruppel te trekken
如何画水滴（详细步骤）
Cara melukis titisan air langkah demi langkah
Como Desenhar uma Gota de Água Passo a Passo
Hvordan tegne en vanndråpe steg for steg
やさしい水滴の描き方
Как да Нарисуваме Капка Вода Стъпка по Стъпка
Kako nacrtati kap vode - korak po korak
물방울 단계별로 그리기
איך לצייר טיפת מים שלב אחרי שלב

My drawing book: http://amzn.to/1K7L8Ed
Visit me on FB: https://www.facebook.com/LeonardoPereznieto
My website: http://www.ArtistLeonardo.com/
O Art Int: http://oartinternational.com/

Do you want to help me translating it into your language?
(Note: First check if it hasn´t been translated already by pressing the "CC" button on the lower part of the video).
All you need to do is to please go to the following link and translate. Thank you!:
http://www.youtube.com/timedtext_video?v=s2kPSGNlYfE&ref=share

If you would like to invest in a drawing, painting or sculpture by Leonardo Pereznieto, or to hire him for workshops or lectures, please write to: info@artistleonardo.com (Business only, not for personal messages.)

List of materials:

Mechanical pencil: ArtistLeonardo Tutto3, with 0.3mm 2H lead, 0.5 HB and 0.7 mm 2B lead
Schmincke watercolor set
Fabriano white watercolor paper, fine grain
Tintoretto watercolor round brushes #1, #2, #4 and flat 3/4 inch.

If you would like to see photos and brands of my tools, please go to my blog about materials with the following link:

http://fineart-tips.blogspot.m....x/2015/07/my-drawing


Download Fine Art-Tips mobile app:

On the Apple Store:

For iPhone/iPad free: https://itunes.apple.com/us/ap....p/fine-art-tips-draw

For iPhone/iPad, Premium: https://itunes.apple.com/us/ap....p/fine-art-tips-prem

On Google Play:

For Android free: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=allmax.fine.art.tips.free2&hl=en

For Android, Premium: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=allmax.fine.art.tips2&hl=en

You may also follow me on:

My Blog: http://fineart-tips.blogspot.mx/

My Twitter: https://twitter.com/#!/ArtistLeonardo

Fine Art Tips on Google+: http://goo.gl/TqsmiJ

My Google+ page as an artist (with my sculptures, paintings, etc): https://plus.google.com/+Artistleonardo/posts

My Instagram: http://instagram.com/artistleonardo

My LinkedIn: http://www.linkedin.com/profile/view?id=89957576&trk=tab_pro

My Vine: https://vine.co/v/hKnn3rbwJmT

My Pinterest: http://pinterest.com/ArtistLeonardo/

My VK: http://vk.com/leonardopereznieto

My website Leonardo Pereznieto: http://www.leonardopereznieto.com/leo/Intro.html

I wish you great creations!

Audio file(s) provided by http://www.audiomicro.com

This tutorial shows How to Paint Cherries in Watercolor

Visit my website: http://www.artistleonardo.com/

Follow Fine Art Tips on Google+ https://plus.google.com/u/0/b/....10270478833891898661

Visit me on FB: https://www.facebook.com/LeonardoPereznieto

Visit: http://www.fineartebooks.com/ for free drawing tutorials.

If you would like to invest in a drawing, painting or sculpture by Leonardo Pereznieto, or to hire him for workshops or lectures, please write to: info@leopereznieto.com (Business only, not for personal messages.)

The crystal ball says that you are going to be a great artist!


Today I’ll teach you to draw a crystal or glass sphere in third dimension. You’ll learn to draw transparent and circular body’s, applying different technics of shadowing and illumination. Also, you’ll learn to create the sensation of volume and the illusion that the sphere would pop out of the paper.


List of materials:

Black lead holder: H lead
Red lead holder: 3B lead
Kneaded eraser Prismacolor
Soft, synthetic brush
Paper: Strathmore Artist Charcoal 100% cotton, twelve tints (green)
Lead pointer
Charcoal pencil Primo, HB (black)
White pastel stick Primo
White pastel pencil: Primo Bianco charcoal
Stump #2


If you would like to see photos and brands of my tools, please go to my blog about materials with the following link:

http://www.fineartebooks.com/howtodraw_drawingschool/My_Blog/Entries/2012/8/1_My_materials.html


You may also follow me on:

My Blog: http://www.fineartebooks.com/howtodraw_drawingschool/My_Blog/My_Blog.html

Twitter: https://twitter.com/#!/ArtistLeonardo

LinkedIn: http://www.linkedin.com/profile/view?id=89957576&trk=tab_pro

Google+: https://plus.google.com/u/0/10....0373866809472929876/

VK: http://vk.com/leonardopereznieto

Leonardo Pereznieto: http://www.leonardopereznieto.com/leo/Intro.html

Audio file(s) provided by http://www.audiomicro.com


Do you want to help me translating it into your language?

(Note: First check if it hasn´t been translated already by pressing the "CC" button on the lower part of the video).

All you need to do is to please translate the file at the link below and send it to me: https://docs.google.com/file/d..../0B0UOw8r7hWG2VmhDQV

Как нарисовать хрустальный шар
Comment dessiner une boule de cristal
как нарисовать хрустальный шар
como desenhar uma bola de cristal
Come disegnare una sfera di cristallo
Hvordan tegne en krystallkule
Как да нарисуваме кристална топка
Kako nacrtati kristalnu kuglu
Wie man eine Kristallkugel malt

Visit me on FB: https://www.facebook.com/LeonardoPereznieto
Visit my website: http://www.artistleonardo.com/
Visit: http://www.fineartebooks.com/ for free drawing tutorials.

If you would like to invest in a drawing, painting or sculpture by Leonardo Pereznieto, or to hire him for workshops or lectures, please write to: info@leopereznieto.com (Business only, not for personal messages.)

List of materials:

White charcoal Bianco - Primo
Kneaded eraser - Prismacolor
Strathmore drawing paper, black

If you would like to see photos and brands of my tools, please go to my blog about materials with the following link:

http://www.fineartebooks.com/howtodraw_drawingschool/My_Blog/Entries/2012/8/1_My_materials.html

You may also follow me on:

My Blog: http://www.fineartebooks.com/howtodraw_drawingschool/My_Blog/My_Blog.html

Twitter: https://twitter.com/#!/ArtistLeonardo

LinkedIn: http://www.linkedin.com/profile/view?id=89957576&trk=tab_pro

Google+: https://plus.google.com/u/0/10....0373866809472929876/

VK: http://vk.com/leonardopereznieto

Leonardo Pereznieto: http://www.leonardopereznieto.com/leo/Intro.html

Audio file(s) provided by http://www.audiomicro.com

This tutorial shows how to draw a cat with white charcoal on black paper. It is a time lapse video.

This tutorial shows how to draw a perfect circle freehand.
For long tutorials subscribe to Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/artistleonardo
My drawing book: http://amzn.to/1K7L8Ed
Visit me on FB: https://www.facebook.com/LeonardoPereznieto
My website: http://www.ArtistLeonardo.com/

Do you want to help me translating it into your language?
(Note: First check if it hasn´t been translated already by pressing the "CC" button on the lower part of the video).
To translate the title of the video and the subtitles, all you need to do is to please go to the following link and translate (you don't necessarily need to do the whole thing, you can do a section and other people in the community can finish it). Thank you!:
http://www.youtube.com/timedtext_video?v=l5WLMPCkpUA&ref=share

If you would like to invest in a drawing, painting or sculpture by Leonardo Pereznieto, or to hire him for workshops or lectures, please write to: info@leopereznieto.com (Business only, not for personal messages.)


Download Fine Art-Tips mobile app:

On the Apple Store:

For iPhone/iPad free: https://itunes.apple.com/us/ap....p/fine-art-tips-draw

For iPhone/iPad, Premium: https://itunes.apple.com/us/ap....p/fine-art-tips-prem

On Google Play:

For Android free: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=allmax.fine.art.tips.free2&hl=en

For Android, Premium: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=allmax.fine.art.tips2&hl=en

You may also follow me on:

My Blog: http://fineart-tips.blogspot.mx/

My Twitter: https://twitter.com/#!/ArtistLeonardo

Fine Art Tips on Google+: http://goo.gl/TqsmiJ

My Instagram: http://instagram.com/artistleonardo

My LinkedIn: http://www.linkedin.com/profile/view?id=89957576&trk=tab_pro

My Pinterest: http://pinterest.com/ArtistLeonardo/

My VK: http://vk.com/leonardopereznieto

My website: http://www.artistleonardo.com/

I wish you great creations!

Audio file(s) provided by http://www.audiomicro.com

This tutorial shows How to Draw a Perfect Circle Freehand - 3 hacks and techniques

Visit me on FB: https://www.facebook.com/LeonardoPereznieto
Follow Fine Art Tips on Google+: http://goo.gl/TqsmiJ
My website: http://www.ArtistLeonardo.com/

Do you want to help me translating it into your language?
(Note: First check if it hasn´t been translated already by pressing the "CC" button on the lower part of the video).
All you need to do is to please go to the following link and translate. Thank you!:
http://www.youtube.com/timedte....xt_video?v=c36myEd4_

If you would like to invest in a drawing, painting or sculpture by Leonardo Pereznieto, or to hire him for workshops or lectures, please write to: info@artistleonardo.com (Business only, not for personal messages.)

List of materials:

Mechanical pencil with 0.7mm, B lead
Schminke watercolor set (24 colors)
Faux Kolinsky brushes 0, 2, 4, 6
Winsor & Newton Art Masking Fluid
MagicRub FaberCastell eraser
Fabriano white watercolor paper pad, 112 lbs, 9" x 12", 25% cotton.

If you would like to see photos and brands of my tools, please go to my blog about materials with the following link:

http://www.fineartebooks.com/h....owtodraw_drawingscho

You may also follow me on:

My Blog: http://www.fineartebooks.com/h....owtodraw_drawingscho

My Twitter: https://twitter.com/#!/ArtistLeonardo

Fine Art Tips on Google+: http://goo.gl/TqsmiJ

My Google+ page as an artist (with my sculptures, paintings, etc): http://goo.gl/n7p96D

My Instagram: http://instagram.com/artistleonardo

My LinkedIn: http://www.linkedin.com/profile/view?id=89957576&trk=tab_pro

My Vine: https://vine.co/v/hKnn3rbwJmT

My Pinterest: http://pinterest.com/ArtistLeonardo/

My VK: http://vk.com/leonardopereznieto

My website Leonardo Pereznieto: http://www.leonardopereznieto.com/leo/Intro.html

I wish you great creations!

Audio file(s) provided by http://www.audiomicro.com

This tutorial shows How to Paint Sailing Boats in Watercolor - ACEO - 3 Art Card Originals