This is the first Veritasium science video. It addresses one of the most fundamental concepts in science: the idea that all things are made of atoms, tiny particles that are in perpetual motion. They attract each other when a little distance apart and repel when squeezed together.

A forest is like a meadow on useless stilts.
Most amazing thing about trees: http://bit.ly/TFilQ8
Meetup in Stockholm Sunday, Apr 6 Cafe String

We often imagine that unregulated competition produces optimal outcomes, behaviours, efficiencies, but trees and baggage carousels are two examples where the stable solution is worse for everyone than another strategy. This I find surprising and interesting - that evolution doesn't come to the best solution, it comes to the most stable one.

The Forest of Friendship was a concept I first came across in Richard Dawkin's book "The Greatest Show on Earth." One point I'd like to clarify is that being taller comes with a cost - having a longer trunk requires costly expenditure of energy. However, in a forest of uniformly short trees, being a little taller conveys an advantage. That is until all the other trees catch up, at which time the extra height no longer provides a benefit. So over time as the whole forest rises up the conditions are getting worse for each tree, but they are powerless to stop the evolutionary arms race.

Huge thank you to Brady Haran for filming (and summarizing the main points at the end of the film). He is the amazing creator of:
Numberphile: http://youtube.com/numberphile
Sixty Symbols http://youtube.com/sixtysymbols
Periodic Videos http://youtube.com/periodicvideos
And many more...

Light is so common that we rarely think about what it really is. But just over two hundred years ago, a groundbreaking experiment answered the question that had occupied physicists for centuries. Is light made up of waves or particles?

The experiment was conducted by Thomas Young and is known as Young's Double Slit Experiment. This famous experiment is actually a simplification of a series of experiments on light conducted by Young. In a completely darkened room, Young allowed a thin beam of sunlight to pass through an aperture on his window and onto two narrow, closely spaced openings (the double slit). This sunlight then cast a shadow onto the wall behind the apparatus. Young found that the light diffracted as it passed through the slits, and then interfered with itself, created a series of light and dark spots. Since the sunlight consists of all colours of the rainbow, these colours were also visible in the projected spots. Young concluded that light consist of waves and not particles since only waves were known to diffract and interfere in exactly the manner that light did in his experiment.

The way I have always seen this experiment performed is with a laser and a manufactured double slit but since the experiment was conducted in 1801 I have always thought that it should be possible to recreate the experiment using sunlight and household materials. That is basically what I did here. I will show the interference pattern I observed with my homemade double slit on 2Veritasium but I chose to use a manufactured double slit here to ensure that the pattern was impressive for observers at the beach.

Special thanks to Henry, Brady, and Rupert for their cameos, Glen for filming and Josh for helping create the apparatus. Thanks also to the Royal Society for allowing us to view the original manuscript of Young's lecture and the University of Sydney for lending the double slits.

Music by Kevin Mcleod (incompetech.com) Danse Macabre, Scissors

The US signed the metre convention and bases all customary units on SI standards. As an aside, the Utah constitution from 1895 required the metric system to be taught in schools. This requirement was repealed in 1987. ¯\_(ツ)_/¯

Huge thanks to NIST, Ben Stein and Patrick Abbott.
https://www.nist.gov/
https://www.nist.gov/pml/weights-and-measures/si-units-mass

Special thanks to Patreon Supporters:
Tony Fadell, Donal Botkin, Jeff Straathof, Zach Mueller, Ron Neal, Nathan Hansen

Back in 1875 The US signed the Metre Convention, which basically committed the country to use the metric system. In return, French scientists sent two platinum-iridium cylinders that weigh 1kg to the US in 1889 (known by their designations K4 and K20 from a set of 40 identical objects that were produced and sent around the world). So even though everything you see and buy in the US is usually reported in pounds, all weights are traceable back to the K20 kilogram (by applying a conversion factor to get to pounds).

When I was in DC a few weeks ago, I visited the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and got up close with K20, which is still kept there and used to calibrate all mass standards in this country. I thought it was pretty cool.

Edited by Bill Connor

The strange thing about high jump is that the technique changed dramatically after 1968, when Dick Fosbury used his trademark flop to win the gold medal at the Olympics in Mexico City.
Previously the scissors and straddle had been the most common jumping technique, but after the introduction of safer landing matts, the new unorthodox Fosbury Flop became the jump of choice. There are good physical reasons for this - the style allows the jumper to pass over the bar while his or her centre of mass actually passes below the bar.

Huge thanks to Elly (Appchat http://bit.ly/NxAMlX ) for filming, editing, and music!

numberphile http://bit.ly/numberphile
efit30 http://bit.ly/O4CMme
appchat http://bit.ly/NxAMlX
erikaanear http://bit.ly/MdyUzQ
whoisjimmy http://bit.ly/LtFzpW
minutephysics http://bit.ly/Muh6CC
1veritasium http://bit.ly/MrupzL

Have your voice heard at the UN Climate Summit in NYC, September 23: http://bit.ly/WhyNotVe



Interview filming by Chris Cassella: http://bit.ly/ScienceAlertVe

I actually have many, many more questions and answers so if you want to see them, like this video and let me know in the comments and I will edit them. Thank you for your support! I wouldn't have gotten this far without you.

If you spin a raw egg and then stop it, it will start spinning again without you having to touch it. A boiled egg, on the other hand, stops and stays stopped. Why is this? Well a raw egg contains a yolk that moves inside the egg independently of the shell. If you stop the shell, the yolk inside continues to move due to its inertia and it therefore gets the egg spinning again.

Veritasium is a channel of science and engineering videos featuring experiments, expert interviews, cool demos, and discussions with the public about everything science.
Clips featured in this video:
Trees are Freaking Awesome - http://bit.ly/TFilQ8
Gyroscopic Precession - http://bit.ly/U4e8HQ
Can We Go The Speed of Light? (Principle of Relativity) - http://bit.ly/X1BlXZ
Where Does The Sun Get Its Energy? - http://bit.ly/125jbeM
Where Do Trees Get Their Mass? - http://bit.ly/11AA817
What Is A Candle Flame Made Of? - http://bit.ly/Q3enCb
Levitating Barbecue (Electromagnetic Induction) - http://bit.ly/SWgOWh
Imploding Drum - http://bit.ly/125jG8B
Microwave Grape Plasma - http://bit.ly/QkCwUt
Spinning Tube Trick - http://bit.ly/Va43Z6
Spinning Disk Trick - http://bit.ly/14MSKsT
Why Do You Make People Look Stupid? - http://bit.ly/12Fmlpl
Awesome HD Slinky Slow-Mo - http://bit.ly/TRa4sE
Subscribe to Veritasium - http://bit.ly/YSWpWm

Tiny robots activated by magnetic fields may be used in future biomedical procedures. Start listening to Audible with a 30-day trial and your first audiobook, plus two Audible Originals free when you go to http://audible.com/veritasium or text veritasium to 500500

Huge thanks to:
Dr. Eric Diller, Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Toronto
http://microrobotics.mie.utoronto.ca

Research Referenced in this video:

T. Xu, J. Zhang, M. Salehizadeh, O. Onaizah and E. Diller, Millimeter-scale flexible robots with programmable three-dimensional magnetization and motions. Science Robotics. 4, eaav4494 (2019).
http://robotics.sciencemag.org..../lookup/doi/10.1126/

H. Xie, M. Sun, X. Fan, Z. Lin, W. Chen, L. Wang, L. Dong, and Q. He, Reconfigurable magnetic microrobot swarm: Multimode transformation, locomotion, and manipulation. Science Robotics. 4, eaav8006 (2019).
http://robotics.sciencemag.org..../lookup/doi/10.1126/

G. Hwang, A. J. Paula, E. E. Hunter, Y. Liu, A. Babeer, B. Karabucak, K Stebe, V. Kumar, E. Steager, and H. Koo, Catalytic antimicrobial robots for biofilm eradication. Science Robotics. 4, eeaw2388 (2019).
http://robotics.sciencemag.org..../lookup/doi/10.1126/

Special thanks to Patreon supporters:
Donal Botkin, Michael Krugman, Ron Neal, Stan Presolski, Terrance Shepherd, Penward Rhyme

Music by Kevin MacLeod http://incompetech.com "Marty Gots a Plan" "March of the Spoons"

When a grape is cut nearly in half and placed in a microwave, plasma is produced. Please use caution if attempting this experiment: don't leave the microwave on for too long, make sure the area is well ventilated, and stand back. Remember the contents will be very hot afterwards.

What causes the phases of the moon? The common incorrect answer is the shadow of the Earth. The phases of the moon are actually just a result of our perception of the moon's half-illuminated surface. When the moon does pass through Earth's shadow the result is a lunar eclipse. This can be spectacular as the moon turns a deep shade of red.

Images courtesy of NASAimages.org and Geoff Wyatt, Senior Astronomy Educator Powerhouse Museum

I'm going to London! And I'm leading a team of YouTubers. For the next few weeks we will all be doing videos themed around the Olympics so I'm tackling the science of sport and science in and around London.

The Team!
HOWRIDICULOUS: http://bit.ly/LtFzpW
APPCHAT: http://bit.ly/NxAMlX
ERIKAANEAR: http://bit.ly/MdyUzQ
MINUTEPHYSICS: http://bit.ly/Muh6CC
EFIT30: http://bit.ly/O4CMme

2VERITASIUM http://youtube.com/2veritasium

Music by Alankeys86 and Kevin McLeod (Incompetech.com)

For the London 2012 Summer Olympics creators from all over the world are taking over YouTube with the most awesome Olympics videos ever. Go to YouTube.com/CreatorHub to see all the amazing gold medal videos.

Do we need more diversity in online video?
NOTE: the free one-year membership offer has now expired. You can receive a free month trial at: http://vessel.com/science
Watch the MinutePhysics announcement: http://bit.ly/1GbKtTi

Thanks to Whole Foods UCLA for allowing us to film their potatoes and Zach T for filming.

NASA announced its returned mission to the moon by 2024, titled Artemis it will cost an estimated $20-$30 billion. They plan to go to the moon in their SLS mega-rocket and begin building a lunar gateway. The mission will focus on the possibilities of mining resources on the moon, including water for rocket fuel and will lead to future deep space travel and lunar bases in what can be considered the new era of space exploration.

MORE SPACE CONTENT:
What Happens To The Human Body In Space
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1xQx5d0RI3M
Elon Musk's Multibillion Dollar Mars Rocket, Explained
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FIn6r9RKVVM
NASA’s 4-Year Twin Experiment Takes Us Closer To Mars Than Ever Before
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZVRft7r8-Ds

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#NASA #Moon #TechInsider

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NASA’s $30 Billion Moon Return Mission, Explained | Beyond Earth

Three space travelers including record-setting astronaut Christina Koch return home from the International Space Station.

Christina Koch wrapped up a 328-day extended mission on her first spaceflight, having spent more time in space on a single mission than any other woman. Koch, along with station Commander Luca Parmitano of ESA (European Space Agency), and Soyuz commander Alexander Skvortsov of the Russian space agency Roscosmos departed the station in a Soyuz spacecraft that made a parachute-assisted landing at 4:12 a.m. EST southeast of Dzhezkazgan, Kazakhstan.

Koch's extended mission will provide researchers the opportunity to observe effects of long-duration spaceflight on a woman, as we prepare for Artemis missions to the Moon and human exploration of Mars.

How do we study black holes if we can’t even see them? Could a black hole “eat” an entire galaxy? What would happen if you fell into a black hole? Join experts on #NASAScience Live as we take a journey to explore these mysterious objects that can be found all over the universe.

Watch a cargo spacecraft lift off from NASA's Wallops Flight Facility in Virginia on a resupply mission to the International Space Station! ?

On Sat., Feb. 15 at 3:21 p.m. EST, Northrop Grumman's 13th commercial resupply services mission launched on a resupply mission to the station. A previous launch attempt on Feb. 9 was scrubbed after off-nominal readings from a ground support sensor. The Cygnus cargo spacecraft, loaded with approximately 7,500 pounds of research, supplies and hardware, lifted off atop an Antares rocket from the Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport. This Cygnus spacecraft is named the S.S. Robert H. Lawrence in honor of the first African American to be selected as an astronaut.

Tune in as Boeing's uncrewed Starliner spacecraft lands at White Sands, New Mexico. Landing is scheduled at 7:57 a.m. EST on Sunday, Dec. 22. After its launch on Dec. 20, the Starliner did not reach the planned orbit and will not dock to the International Space Station. Teams worked quickly to ensure the spacecraft was in a stable orbit and preserved enough fuel for a landing opportunity.

This is a song that's always spoken to my heart. As there doesn't appear to be any "official" English version, I've taken some liberty with the lyrics in my translation. Hope you enjoy.