Visit me on FB: https://www.facebook.com/LeonardoPereznieto
Follow Fine Art Tips on Google+: http://goo.gl/TqsmiJ
My website: http://www.ArtistLeonardo.com/

Do you want to help me translating it into your language?
(Note: First check if it hasn´t been translated already by pressing the "CC" button on the lower part of the video).
All you need to do is to please go to the following link and translate. Thank you!:
http://www.youtube.com/timedte....xt_video?v=GKSm8pKzY

If you would like to invest in a drawing, painting or sculpture by Leonardo Pereznieto, or to hire him for workshops or lectures, please write to: info@artistleonardo.com (Business only, not for personal messages.)

List of materials:

Schmincke watercolor set - See it here: http://amzn.to/2jZ0GXI
Watercolor round brushes: 00, 2, 10, 22
Archess water-colour paper -
A wooden rod

If you would like to see photos and brands of my tools, please go to my blog about materials with the following link:

http://www.fineartebooks.com/h....owtodraw_drawingscho

You may also follow me on:

My Blog: http://www.fineartebooks.com/h....owtodraw_drawingscho

My Twitter: https://twitter.com/#!/ArtistLeonardo

Fine Art Tips on Google+: http://goo.gl/TqsmiJ

My Google+ page as an artist (with my sculptures, paintings, etc): http://goo.gl/n7p96D

My Instagram: http://instagram.com/artistleonardo

My LinkedIn: http://www.linkedin.com/profile/view?id=89957576&trk=tab_pro

My Vine: https://vine.co/v/hKnn3rbwJmT

My Pinterest: http://pinterest.com/ArtistLeonardo/

My VK: http://vk.com/leonardopereznieto

My website Leonardo Pereznieto: http://www.leonardopereznieto.com/leo/Intro.html

I wish you great creations!

Audio file(s) provided by http://www.audiomicro.com

This tutorial shows How to Paint a Cherry Tree in Watercolor - Painting Trees - Paint a Tree - Sakura

In this video I’m showing the process of working on an oil painting titled "Soft morning color" - 50 x 60 cm (19.7 x 23.6 inches)

REAL-TIME PAINTING VIDEOS, TUTORIALS and other helpful materials ▶ https://www.patreon.com/dariacallie

▷ For prints and original paintings please visit https://dariacallie.com/store/


CONNECT WITH ME:
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/dariacallie/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/DariaCallieArt/
Website: https://www.dariacallie.com/

Materials used:

• Oil paints - Nevskaya palitra (russian brand)
Colors: Burnt umber, Cadmium Yellow, Ultramarine Blue, Cadmium Red and Titanium White.
In addition I have a couple of colors that I use sometimes: Ivory Black, Celestial Blue and Cobalt Violet Deep.
• Primed linen canvas (from a local art-store)
• Paint thinner (odorless mineral spirits)
• Medium (stand linseed oil)
• Brushes - Detail brushes & Filbert synthetic brushes of different sizes
• Glass palette (homemade)
• Palette knife (from a local art-store)
• Paper towels (or tissues that I use to wipe the brushes)

Music: Paperchaser “Better left unsaid”
https://soundcloud.com/paperchaser-music

In this painting demo I’ll show how I paint a bunny with oils.

REAL-TIME PAINTING VIDEOS, TUTORIALS and other helpful materials ▶ https://www.patreon.com/dariacallie

▷ For prints and original paintings please visit https://dariacallie.com/store/



CONNECT WITH ME:
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/dariacallie/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/DariaCallieArt/
Website: https://www.dariacallie.com/


Materials used:
• Oil paints - "Nevskaya palitra"
Colors: Burnt Umber, Cadmium Yellow Pale, Ultramarine Blue, Cadmium Red and Titanium White, Ivory Black.
• Primed 280gsm paper
• Paint thinner (odorless mineral spirits)
• Medium (stand linseed oil)
• Brushes - Detail brushes & Filbert synthetic brushes of different sizes
• Glass palette (homemade)
• Palette knife (from a local art-store)
• Paper towels (or tissues that I use to wipe the brushes)


Music: “We left the place (post-rock)” by Mindthings
https://soundcloud.com/mindthi....ngs/we-left-the-plac

In this video I’m painting a portrait with oils, 12 x 12 inches.

REAL-TIME PAINTING VIDEOS, TUTORIALS and other helpful materials ▶ https://www.patreon.com/dariacallie/overview


Commissions: closed.

CONNECT WITH ME:
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/dariacallie/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/DariaCallieArt/
Website: https://www.dariacallie.com/


Materials used:
• Oil paints - "Nevskaya palitra"
• Primed linen canvas
• Paint thinner (odorless mineral spirits)
• Medium (stand linseed oil)
• Brushes - round detail brushes in sizes 1, 0 and 00; and synthetic filbert brushes in different sizes.
• Glass palette (homemade)
• Palette knife (from a local art-store)
• Paper towels (or tissues that I use to wipe the brushes)


Music: “All Of A Sudden” by Joachim Heinrich
https://soundcloud.com/joachimheinrich

In this painting demo I show how I paint an eye with oils.

REAL-TIME PAINTING VIDEOS, TUTORIALS and other helpful materials ▶ https://www.patreon.com/dariacallie

Reference Photo: https://www.dropbox.com/s/szwx....5vymzudskay/Referenc


▷ For prints and original paintings please visit https://dariacallie.com/store/

CONNECT WITH ME:
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/dariacallie/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/DariaCallieArt/
Website: http://www.dariacallie.com/


Materials used:

• Oil paints - Gamblin Oil Colors and Nevskaya palitra (russian brand)
Colors: Burnt umber, Cadmium Yellow, Ultramarine Blue, Cadmium Red and Titanium White.
(I have a color-mixing video where I explain how I premix my palette - https://youtu.be/kKT1gXBC_L4 )
In addition I have a couple of colors that I use sometimes: Ivory Black, Celestial Blue and Cobalt Violet Deep.
• Acrylic primer
• Paper 30 x 30 cm (12 x 12 inches) 280gsm
• Paint thinner (odorless mineral spirits)
• Medium (stand linseed oil)
• Brushes - Detail brushes & Filbert synthetic brushes of different sizes
• Glass palettes (homemade)
• Palette knife (from a local art-store)
• Paper towels (or tissues that I use to wipe the brushes)


Music: “re:MEMORY” by A. Taylor
https://soundcloud.com/a-taylor

In this video I’m showing the process of working on an oil painting titled “Intuition” - 30 x 30 cm (12 x 12 inches)


CONNECT WITH ME:
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/dariacallie/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/DariaCallieArt/
Website: http://www.dariacallie.com/


* Jukin Media Verified *
Find this video and others like it by visiting https://www.jukinmedia.com/licensing/view/966827
For licensing / permission to use, please email licensing(at)jukinmedia(dot)com.


Materials used:

• Oil paints - Gamblin Oil Colors and Nevskaya palitra (russian brand)
Colors: Burnt umber, Cadmium Yellow, Ultramarine Blue, Red and Titanium White. (I have a color-mixing video where I explain how I premix my palette) In addition I have a couple of colors that I use very rarely: Ivory Black, Celestial Blue and Cobalt Violet Deep.
• Primed linen canvas (from a local art-store)
• Paint thinner (odorless mineral spirits)
• Medium (stand linseed oil)
• Brushes - Detail brushes & Filbert synthetic brushes of different sizes
• Glass palette (homemade)
• Palette knife (from a local art-store)
• Varnish
• Paper towels (or tissues that I use to wipe the brushes)


Music: Walking On A Dream (Empire of the Sun cover) by Kongsingwei
Music License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you

Check out Two Cents: https://www.youtube.com/channe....l/UCL8w_A8p8P1HWI3k6

Due to an odd quirk of genetics and some unique evolutionary circumstances, two humans who lived at different times in the distant past managed to pass on a very small fraction of their genomes to you. And to me. To all of us.

Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios

Super special thanks to the following Patreon patrons for helping make Eons possible:

Katie Fichtner, Aldo Espinosa Zúñiga, Anthony Callaghan, الخليفي سلطان, Gabriel Cortez, Marcus Lejon, Anel Salas, Robert Arévalo, Robert Hill, Kelby Reid, Todd Dittman, Betsy Radley, Svetlana Pylaeva, Colin Sylvester, Philip Slingerland, John Vanek, Jose Garcia, Noah offitzer, Eric Vonk, Tony Wamsley, Henrik Peteri, Jonathan Wright, Jon Monteiro, James Bording, Brad Nicholls, Miles Chaston, Michael McClellan, Jeff Graham, Maria Humphrey, Nathan Paskett, Connor Jensen, Sapjes, Daisuke Goto, Hubert Rady, Yuntao Zhou, Gregory Kintz, Tyson Cleary, Chandler Bass, Maly Lor, Joao Ascensao. Tsee Lee, Sarah Fritts, Ruben Winter, Ron Harvey Jr, Joshua Mitchell, Johnny Li, Jacob Gerke, Alex Yan

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References:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p....mc/articles/PMC33345
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p....mc/articles/PMC32671
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.o....rg/f4ee/6bfac21f39ac
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p....mc/articles/PMC58921
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p....mc/articles/PMC40321
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p....mc/articles/PMC55008
http://haplogroup-a.com/Ancient-Root-AJHG2013.pdf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p....mc/articles/PMC54183
http://ase.tufts.edu/chemistry..../hhmi/documents/Prot
http://pages.ucsd.edu/~dkjorda....n/resources/clarific
https://www.cell.com/action/sh....owPdf?pii=S0960-9822
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p....mc/articles/PMC43679
https://www.cell.com/action/sh....owPdf?pii=S0002-9297
https://www.newscientist.com/a....rticle/mg22429904-50
https://www.smithsonianmag.com..../science-nature/no-m
https://www.nature.com/news/ge....netic-adam-and-eve-d
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p....mc/articles/PMC55252
https://www.hhmi.org/biointera....ctive/evolution-y-ch
http://www.pnas.org/content/106/38/16018
https://www.nature.com/articles/jhg2012154
https://academic.oup.com/mbe/a....rticle/27/8/1833/988
https://www.nature.com/articles/325031a0
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p....mc/articles/PMC26949
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p....mc/articles/PMC43815
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28086175

Support us on Patreon! http://patreon.com/eons

The best evidence we have suggests that, while Caviomorpha originated in South America, they came from ancestors in Africa, over 40 million years ago. So how did they get there?

This episode was written by Genevieve Perdue.

Thanks to Ceri Thomas for the Josephoartigasia monesi reconstruction. Check out more of Ceri's paleoart at http://alphynix.tumblr.com and http://nixillustration.com

Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios

Super special thanks to the following Patreon patrons for helping make Eons possible:

Katie Fichtner, Aldo Espinosa Zúñiga, Anthony Callaghan, Esmeralda Rupp-Spangle, Gregory Donovan, Ehit Dinesh Agarwal, الخليفي سلطان, Gabriel Cortez, Marcus Lejon, Anel Salas, Robert Arévalo, Robert Hill, Kelby Reid, Todd Dittman, Betsy Radley, PS, Colin Sylvester, Philip Slingerland, John Vanek, Jose Garcia, Noah offitzer, Eric Vonk, Tony Wamsley, Henrik Peteri, Jonathan Wright, Jon Monteiro, James Bording, Brad Nicholls, Miles Chaston, Michael McClellan, Jeff Graham, Maria Humphrey, Nathan Paskett, Connor Jensen, Sapjes, Daisuke Goto, Hubert Rady, Yuntao Zhou, Gregory Kintz, Tyson Cleary, Chandler Bass, Maly Lor, Joao Ascensao, Tsee Lee, Sarah Fritts, Ruben Winter, Ron Harvey Jr, Jacob Gerke, Alex Yan

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References:

https://academic.oup.com/bioli....nnean/article/121/4/
https://link.springer.com/arti....cle/10.1007/s11692-0
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21993503
https://www.sciencedirect.com/....science/article/pii/
http://rspb.royalsocietypublis....hing.org/content/275
https://www.researchgate.net/p....ublication/316684055
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.co....m/doi/abs/10.1002/ev
https://www.nature.com/articles/26886
https://journals.plos.org/plos....one/article?id=10.13
https://books.google.com/books..../about/Mammals_of_th
https://scinapse.io/papers/2167227626
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21238387
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.co....m/doi/abs/10.1002/jm
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/323/5915/732
https://www.nature.com/scitabl....e/topicpage/the-mole
https://link.springer.com/chap....ter/10.1007/978-1-46
https://www.jstor.org/stable/2999827
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10423268
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.co....m/doi/book/10.1002/9
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11476632
Lavocat, R. “La syste´matique des rongeurs hystricomorphes et la de´rive des continents.” Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences Series D 269 (1969).
https://link.springer.com/chap....ter/10.1007/978-1-46
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.co....m/doi/full/10.1111/j
https://www.researchgate.net/p....ublication/256415173
https://www.researchgate.net/p....ublication/263582456
https://www.jstor.org/stable/2401146
Merali, Z., and B.J. Skinner. Visualizing Earth Science (2009). Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
http://rspb.royalsocietypublis....hing.org/content/275
https://academic.oup.com/jmamm....al/article/91/1/11/8
Mones, A., and J. Ojasti. “Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris.” Mammalian Species 264(1986).
https://www.sciencedirect.com/....science/article/pii/
Morrison, M.L., Marcot, B.G., and R.W. Mannan. Wildlife-Habitat Relationships: Concepts and Applications, 3rd ed. (2006). Washington, D.C.: Island Press.
Nowak, R. M. Walker’s mammals of the world, 5th ed. (1991). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
http://advances.sciencemag.org..../content/2/8/e160088
https://www.researchgate.net/p....ublication/299560709
https://scinapse.io/papers/184792926
Patton, J. L., Pardiñas, U. F. J., and G. D’Elía. Mammals of South America, Vol. 2, Rodents (2015). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16551580
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p....mc/articles/PMC25999
https://www.jstor.org/stable/25654250
Scotese, C.R. “A Continental Drift Flipbook.” The Journal of Geology 112.6 (2004).
Simpson, G.G. 1940. “Mammals and land bridges.” Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 30 (1940).
https://www.researchgate.net/p....ublication/282577627

Try CuriosityStream today: http://curiositystream.com/eons

Paleontologists have been studying and drawing totally different conclusions about the fossil LH PV18 for almost a decade. Is it just one of many specimens of a theropod called Tarbosaurus bataar or is it an entirely different theropod named Raptorex kriegsteini? In order to answer this question, you have to understand the many ways in which we can--and can’t--determine the age of a fossil.

Thanks to Gregory S. Paul for allowing us to use his illustrations in this video. Check out his website here: http://gspauldino.com/

And thanks as always to Nobu Tamura for allowing us to use his wonderful paleoart: http://spinops.blogspot.com/

Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios

Super special thanks to the following Patreon patrons for helping make Eons possible:
Katie Fichtner, Aldo Espinosa Zúñiga, Anthony Callaghan, Marcus Lejon, Anel Salas, Robert Arévalo, Robert Hill, Kelby Reid, Todd Dittman, Betsy Radley, Svetlana Pylaeva, Colin Sylvester, Philip Slingerland, John Vanek, Jose Garcia, Noah offitzer, Eric Vonk, Tony Wamsley, Henrik Peteri, Jonathan Wright, Wilco Verweij, Jon Monteiro, James Bording, Brad Nicholls, Miles Chaston, Michael McClellan, Elysha Nygård, Jeff Graham, Maria Humphrey, Nathan Paskett, Connor Jensen, Sapjes, Daisuke Goto, Hubert Rady, Yuntao Zhou, Gregory Kintz, Tyson Cleary, Chandler Bass, Maly Lor, Joao Ascensao, Tsee Lee, Sarah Fritts, Ruben Winter, Ron Harvey Jr, Joshua Mitchell, Johnny Li, Jacob Gerke, Brandon Burke, Alex Yan

If you'd like to support the channel, head over to http://patreon.com/eons and pledge for some cool rewards!

Want to follow Eons elsewhere on the internet?
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References:
https://www.radiocarbon.com/ab....out-carbon-dating.ht
https://www.nature.com/articles/srep20252
https://www.researchgate.net/p....ublication/288175395
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.co....m/doi/abs/10.1111/j.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1360/02tb9031
https://www.sciencedirect.com/....science/article/pii/
https://journals.plos.org/plos....one/article?id=10.13
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/326/5951/418
https://www.jstor.org/stable/3515101

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you

Try CuriosityStream today: http://curiositystream.com/eons

Fossilized footprints have proved that human ancestors were already striding across the landscape 3.6 million years ago. But who started them on that path? What species pioneered this style of locomotion? Who was the first to walk?

Check out our new sticker! https://store.dftba.com/collec....tions/all/products/e

Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios

Super special thanks to the following Patreon patrons for helping make Eons possible:
Katie Fichtner, Aldo Espinosa Zúñiga, Anthony Callaghan, Marcus Lejon, Anel Salas, Robert Arévalo, Robert Hill, Kelby Reid, Todd Dittman, Betsy Radley, Svetlana Pylaeva, Colin Sylvester, Philip Slingerland, John Vanek, Jose Garcia, Noah offitzer, Eric Vonk, Tony Wamsley, Henrik Peteri, Jonathan Wright, Wilco Verweij, Jon Monteiro, James Bording, Brad Nicholls, Miles Chaston, Michael McClellan, Elysha Nygård, Jeff Graham, Maria Humphrey, Nathan Paskett, Connor Jensen, Sapjes, Daisuke Goto, Hubert Rady, Yuntao Zhou, Gregory Kintz, Tyson Cleary, Chandler Bass, Maly Lor, Joao Ascensao, Tsee Lee, Sarah Fritts, Ruben Winter, Ron Harvey Jr, Joshua Mitchell, Johnny Li, Jacob Gerke, Brandon Burke, Alex Yan

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Want to follow Eons elsewhere on the internet?
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References:
http://humanorigins.si.edu/evi....dence/human-fossils/
http://humanorigins.si.edu/evi....dence/behavior/footp
https://www.smithsonianmag.com..../science-nature/beco
https://www.nature.com/news/20....07/070716/full/news0
Dericquebourg, P., Person, A., Ségalen, L., Pickford, M., Senut, B., & Fagel, N. (2015). Environmental significance of Upper Miocene phosphorites at hominid sites in the Lukeino Formation (Tugen Hills, Kenya). Sedimentary Geology, 327, 43-54.
Thorpe, S. K., McClymont, J. M., & Crompton, R. H. (2014). The arboreal origins of human bipedalism. Antiquity, 88(341), 906-914.
Harcourt-Smith, W. H. (2010). The first hominins and the origins of bipedalism. Evolution: Education and Outreach, 3(3), 333-340.
Brunet, M., Guy, F., Pilbeam, D., Lieberman, D. E., Likius, A., Mackaye, H. T., ... & Vignaud, P. (2005). New material of the earliest hominid from the Upper Miocene of Chad. Nature, 434(7034), 752.
Richmond, B. G., & Jungers, W. L. (2008). Orrorin tugenensis femoral morphology and the evolution of hominin bipedalism. Science, 319(5870), 1662-1665.
Begun, D. R. (2004). The earliest hominins--is less more?. Science, 303(5663), 1478-1480.
Lovejoy, C. O., Latimer, B., Suwa, G., Asfaw, B., & White, T. D. (2009). Combining prehension and propulsion: the foot of Ardipithecus ramidus. Science, 326(5949), 72-72e8.
Lovejoy, C. O., Suwa, G., Spurlock, L., Asfaw, B., & White, T. D. (2009). The pelvis and femur of Ardipithecus ramidus: the emergence of upright walking. Science, 326(5949), 71-71e6.
White, T. D., Suwa, G., & Asfaw, B. (1994). Australopithecus ramidus, a new species of early hominid from Aramis, Ethiopia. Nature, 371(6495), 306.
Leakey, M. G., Feibel, C. S., McDougall, I., & Walker, A. (1995). New four-million-year-old hominid species from Kanapoi and Allia Bay, Kenya. Nature, 376(6541), 565.
White, T. D., WoldeGabriel, G., Asfaw, B., Ambrose, S., Beyene, Y., Bernor, R. L., ... & Hart, W. K. (2006). Asa Issie, Aramis and the origin of Australopithecus. Nature, 440(7086), 883.
Masao, F. T., Ichumbaki, E. B., Cherin, M., Barili, A., Boschian, G., Iurino, D. A., ... & Manzi, G. (2016). New footprints from Laetoli (Tanzania) provide evidence for marked body size variation in early hominins. elife, 5, e19568.
Almécija, S., Tallman, M., Alba, D. M., Pina, M., Moyà-Solà, S., & Jungers, W. L. (2013). The femur of Orrorin tugenensis exhibits morphometric affinities with both Miocene apes and later hominins. Nature Communications, 4, 2888.

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References:
IMAGE: Horseshoe crab
https://pixnio.com/fauna-anima....ls/crabs-and-lobster
IMAGE: Trilobite https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Megalaspides_01.jpg?fastcci_from=204367&c1=204367&c2=3618826&d1=15&d2=0&s=200
IMAGE: Arthropod family Tree
https://evolution.berkeley.edu..../evolibrary/article/
And although horseshoe crabs made it to modern times and trilobites didn’t, they both have ancient beginnings. The oldest known trilobite is ~540 million years old, but the horseshoe crabs weren’t far behind with the earliest example showing up ~445 million years ago. So technically just looking at a horseshoe crab you’re looking back millions of years into the past.
SOURCE: http://www.igme.es/museo/trilo....08/archivos/TRILOBIT (oldest trilobites)
SOURCE: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com..../doi/10.1111/j.1475- (oldest horseshoe crabs)

IMAGE: bird skull https://etc.usf.edu/clipart/73....400/73460/73460_skul
IMAGE: reptile skull (Px = premaxilla) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/....Jugal_bone#/media/Fi

IMAGE: Limusaurus https://commons.wikimedia.org/....wiki/File:Limusaurus
Source: http://b3.ifrm.com/30233/130/0..../p3001488/PIIS096098

IMAGE: Archaeornithura https://commons.wikimedia.org/....wiki/File:Archaeorni
MAGE: Archaeopteryx https://commons.wikimedia.org/....wiki/File:Archaeopte

SOURCE: Paleo Art
https://naturalhistory.si.edu/....exhibits/backyard-di
SOURCE: Digital reconstruction https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p....mc/articles/PMC50989

IMAGE: fossilization https://www.nature.com/scienti....ficamerican/journal/
SOURCE: fossilization
http://www.geo.arizona.edu/geo3xx/geo308/FoldersOnServer/2003/1fossil&taph&ichno.htm
SOURCE: Anthropocene
http://environment.harvard.edu..../news/faculty-news/h

Want more videos about psychology every Monday and Thursday? Check out our sister channel SciShow Psych at https://www.youtube.com/scishowpsych!

I'm sure you've heard of Pavlov's Bell (and I'm not talking about the Aimee Mann song), but what was Ivan Pavlov up to, exactly? And how are our brains trained? And what is a "Skinner Box"? All those questions and more are answered in today's Crash Course Psychology, in which Hank talks about some of the aspects of learning.

--
Table of Contents

Associative Learning 01:33:17
Behaviorist Theory 04:32:05
Classical and Operant Conditioning 03:47:01
Positive and Negative Reinforcement 07:18:22
Reinforcement Scheduling 09:32:02

--
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Gases are everywhere, and this is good news and bad news for chemists. The good news: when they are behaving themselves, it's extremely easy to describe their behavior theoretically, experimentally and mathematically. The bad news is they almost never behave themselves.
In this episode of Crash Course Chemistry, Hank tells how the work of some amazing thinkers combined to produce the Ideal Gas Law, how none of those people were Robert Boyle, and how the ideal gas equation allows you to find out pressure, volume, temperature or number of moles. You'll also get a quick introduction to a few jargon-y phrases to help you sound like you know what you're talking about.

Table of Contents
Ideal Gas Law Equation 0:50
Everyone But Robert Boyle 1:35
Ideal Gas Law to Figure Out Things 6:16
Jargon Fun Time 7:46

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In which John Green teaches you about the American Revolution and the American Revolutionary War, which it turns out were two different things. John goes over the issues and events that precipitated rebellion in Britain's American colonies, and he also explores the ideas that laid the groundwork for the new American democracy. Find out how the tax bill from the Seven Years War fomented an uprising, how the Enlightenment influenced the Founding Fathers, and who were the winners and losers in this conflict.(hint: many of the people living in the Colonies ended up losers) The Revolution purportedly brought freedom and equality to the Thirteen Colonies, but they weren't equally distributed. Also, you'll learn about America's love affair with commemorative ceramics and what happens when rich white guys take the reins from reins white guys, and put together a society of, by, and for rich white guys.

Crash Course World History is now available on DVD! http://store.dftba.com/product....s/crashcourse-world-

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So, what do Batman and J.R.R. Tolkien have in common? Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. It used to be called "Shellshock" and it can be really really really destructive. In this episode of Crash Course Psychology, Hank lays out the low down on PTSD and how trauma can affect the brain. Plus, a look at how addiction can play into trauma and the different types of treatments used to help those afflicted.

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Table of Contents:

PTSD: Causes and Symptoms 01:57:18
How Trauma Can Affect the Brain 05:12:09
Addiction 07:08:18
Trauma and Addiction 07:41:17
Dual Treatment Model 08:24:07
Post-Traumatic Growth 06:31:00
The Wise Frodo Baggins 00:00

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