In space, metals can weld together without heat or melting.
Check out Audible: http://bit.ly/AudibleVe
Support Veritasium on Patreon: http://bit.ly/VePatreon

Written by Joh Howes and Derek Muller

Yes, it's pronounced Gemini (ee not eye) because that's the way everyone pronounced this mission.

Thanks to Patreon supporters:
Bryan Baker, Donal Botkin, Tony Fadell, Saeed Alghamdi

References:
Gemini IV transcripts: http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/histor....y/mission_trans/gemi

Gemini IV recordings:
https://archive.org/details/Gemini4 (relevant clip is 1297 at about 2:00)

ESA cold welding recommendations:
esmat.esa.int/Publications/Published_papers/STM-279.pdf

Cold welding gold nanowire:
http://www.nature.com/nnano/jo....urnal/v5/n3/full/nna

Music by Kevin MacLeod "Intrepid" http://www.incompetech.com

NEW CHANNEL! http://youtube.com/sciencium

For a long time we thought the Moon was completely dry, but it turns out there are actually three sources of lunar water.
Thanks to Google Making and Science for supporting the new channel! http://youtube.com/makingscience

Thanks to Patreon supporters:
Nathan Hansen, Donal Botkin, Tony Fadell, Zach Mueller, Ron Neal

Support Veritasium on Patreon: http://bit.ly/VePatreon

References:
Great history of water on the moon: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1205.5597.pdf

Filmed by Raquel Nuno

Music from http://epidemicsound.com "Serene Story 2"

The total solar eclipse from Madras, Oregon on August 21, 2017. As the moon passed in front of the sun turning day to night and revealing the sun's corona, apparently all I could think to say was 'Oh my goodness!'

Special thanks to Patreon Supporters:
Nathan Hansen, Donal Botkin, Ron Neal, Zach Mueller, Jeff Straathof, Curational, Tony Fadell

Everyone says not to photograph your first solar eclipse and I think they might be right. I was focused on getting the exposure right for Bailey's beads and the diamond ring, plus making sure to get the corona and solar flares. This was a bit stressful but I'm delighted with the results.

This video originally included more info but since I'm uploading from Madras where the internet is sluggish, I cut out three minutes so the upload would happen before I had to leave for my flight.

Special thanks also to Dr. Teagan Wall for sharing this experience with me and Raquel Nuno for inspiring me to come to Oregon.

Music from http://epidemicsound.com "Spinning Earth 2" and
Kevin MacLeod http://incompetech.com "Big Mojo"

Tracklist below.

Online purchase or streaming (Spotify, iTunes, Amazon Music, Deezer, Google Play): https://brilliant-classics.lnk.to/MascagniMessa
More Information:
Brilliant Classics Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/user/....brilliantclassics?si
Brilliant Classics Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/brilliantclassics

Artist: Ensemble Seicentonovecento, Flavio Colusso (conductor)

Today Mascagni is best remembered for his verismo opera Cavalleria rusticana, a work which firmly belongs in many of the greatest opera houses’ core repertory, but his Messa di Gloria – which predates this composition by a matter of months and from which many of Cavalleria’s themes in fact derive – was also greatly lauded in its day. Mascagni’s interest in church music can be traced back to the days of his gifted adolescence: by the age of 13 he has written a Kyrie; at the age of 16 he refers in a letter to his involvement in composing a Mass (together with his friend Barbini); and during his student days in Milan he composed a motet as well as a great deal of music for the Messa per la festa di Maria SS. del Rosario. First performed in the Apulian town of Cerginola and conducted by the composer himself, a contemporary account of the Messa di Gloria described it as ‘a very powerful and original work, full of beauty, inspired by the requirements of modern taste’. In 1891 Mascagni repeated the peformance to an audience of 6000, as part of the celebrations marking the sixth centenary of Orvieto’s famous cathedral; such was the reception that the magazine Teatro illustrato declared the occasion ‘an event for the art of music in Italy’. Anyone expecting to hear a chorale, a fugue or even a simple fugato anywhere in the piece would have been disappointed, however, and doubts were raised regarding the religious nature of the work.

Instead, as the composer himself wrote, the Messa di Gloria can be described as a ‘prayer. The Mass is a prayer, all love and all passion!’ Here it is performed with aplomb by Ensemble Seicentonovento, an internationally renowned vocal-instrumental group that has recorded widely and appeared with such notable singers as José Carreras and Patrizia Pace. Iorio Zennaro and Pietro Spagnoli contribute well-executed arias to the mix as the respective tenor and bass soloists.

00:00:00 Messa di Gloria: Kyrie (Tenor, Bass, Chorus)
00:05:18 Messa di Gloria: Gloria (Tenor, Bass, Chorus)
00:07:00 Messa di Gloria: Gloria. Laudamus (Tenor, Chorus)
00:11:25 Messa di Gloria: Gloria. Gratias (Bass)
00:16:30 Messa di Gloria: Gloria. Domine Deus (Tenor, Bass)
00:18:48 Messa di Gloria: Gloria. Qui tollis (Tenor)
00:23:11 Messa di Gloria: Gloria. Qui sedes (Bass)
00:27:30 Messa di Gloria: Gloria. Quoniam (Tenor, Bass, Chorus)
00:28:42 Messa di Gloria: Gloria. Cum Sancto Spiritu (Tenor, Bass, Chorus)
00:29:51 Messa di Gloria: Credo (Chorus)
00:31:32 Messa di Gloria: Credo. Et incarnatus (Tenor, Chorus)
00:35:07 Messa di Gloria: Credo. Et resurrexit (Tenor, Bass, Chorus)
00:38:12 Messa di Gloria: Sanctus (Tenor, Chorus)
00:40:21 Messa di Gloria: Sanctus. Elevazione
00:44:08 Messa di Gloria: Sanctus. Benedictus (Bass)
00:47:15 Messa di Gloria: Sanctus. Hosanna (Chorus)
00:47:53 Messa di Gloria: Agnus Dei (Tenor, Bass, Chorus)

The world's roundest object helps solve the longest running problem in measurement -- how to define the kilogram.
Support Veritasium on Patreon: http://bit.ly/VePatreon

A kilogram isn't what it used to be. Literally. The original name for it was the 'grave', proposed in 1793 but it fell victim to the French Revolution like its creator, Lavoisier. So begins the tale of the most unusual SI unit. The kilogram is the only base unit with a prefix in its name, and the only one still defined by a physical artifact, the international prototype kilogram or IPK.

But the problem with this definition has long been apparent. The IPK doesn't seem to maintain its mass compared to 40 similar cylinders minted at the same time. The goal is therefore to eliminate the kilogram's dependence on a physical object. Two main approaches are being considered to achieve this end: the Avogadro Project and the Watt Balance.

The Avogadro project aims to redefine Avogadro's constant (currently defined by the kilogram -- the number of atoms in 12 g of carbon-12) and reverse the relationship so that the kilogram is precisely specified by Avogadro's constant. This method required creating the most perfect sphere on Earth. It is made out of a single crystal of silicon 28 atoms. By carefully measuring the diameter, the volume can be precisely specified. Since the atom spacing of silicon is well known, the number of atoms in a sphere can be accurately calculated. This allows for a very precise determination of Avogadro's constant.

Special thanks to Katie Green, Dr. David Farrant, the CSIRO, and the National Measurment Institute for their help. Thanks also to Nessy Hill for filming and reviewing earlier drafts of this video.

There is debate as to whether this is truly the roundest object ever created. The Gravity Probe-B rotors are also spherical with very low tolerances such that they may in fact be rounder.

Music by Kevin McLeod (incompetech.com) Decision, Danse Macabre, Scissors

This selection gives you a beautiful impression of the J.S. Bach - Complete Edition’s second volume. For the complete second volume (18 hours) and Complete Boxset, please check the following links:

Physical purchase:
http://brilliantclassics.com/a....rticles/j/js-bach-co

Online purchase or streaming (Spotify, iTunes, Amazon Music, Deezer, Google Play):
Vol. 1: https://brilliant-classics.lnk.to/bachvol1
Vol. 2: https://brilliant-classics.lnk.to/Bachvol2
Vol. 3: https://brilliant-classics.lnk.to/Bachvol3
Vol. 4: https://brilliant-classics.lnk.to/Bachvol4
Vol. 5: https://brilliant-classics.lnk.to/Bachvol5
Vol. 6: https://brilliant-classics.lnk.to/Bachvol6
Vol. 7: https://brilliant-classics.lnk.to/Bachvol7
Vol. 8: https://brilliant-classics.lnk.to/Bachvol8
Vol. 9: https://brilliant-classics.lnk.to/Bachvol9
Vol. 10: https://brilliant-classics.lnk.to/Bachvol10

The full tracklist can be found in the comments section below!

Johann Sebastian Bach’s stature as a composer of extraordinary talent and widespread influence is so firmly established in Western culture that it is difficult to believe that only 150 years ago his works lay in veritable obscurity, unknown to all but a small group of scholars. It is largely thanks to ohn, who essentially effected a revival of the composer’s music through his rediscovery and promulgation of the St Matthew Passion, besides other pieces, that his works are today regarded as pinnacles of music expression. That they are among the most performed and widely attended is in no doubt; in Holland alone, thousands of singers and musicians are involved in dozens of performances of the St Matthew Passion in Holy Week, with hundreds of thousands listening in churches and concert halls, or gathered around the radio, to what has been described as ‘the Gospel according to Bach’.

The collection Contains 142 CDs (112 hours) representing the entirety of Johann Sebastian Bach’s oeuvre in historically informed performances. This includes all 200 sacred cantatas recorded for Brilliant Classics on period instruments and sung by the Holland Boys Choir.

Many technologies have promised to revolutionize education, but so far none has. With that in mind, what could revolutionize education?
These ideas have been percolating since I wrote my PhD in physics education: http://www.physics.usyd.edu.au..../super/theses/PhD(Mu
I have also discussed this topic with CGP Grey, whose view of the future of education differs significantly from mine: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7vsCAM17O-M

I think it is instructive that each new technology has appeared to be so transformative. You can imagine, for example, that motion pictures must have seemed like a revolutionary learning technology. After all they did revolutionize entertainment, yet failed to make significant inroads into the classroom. TV and video seem like a cheaper, scaled back film, but they too failed to live up to expectations. Now there is a glut of information and video on the internet so should we expect it to revolutionize education?

My view is that it won't, for two reasons: 1. Technology is not inherently superior, animations over static graphics, videoed presentations over live lectures etc. and 2. Learning is inherently a social activity, motivated and encouraged by interactions with others.

Filmed and edited by Pierce Cook

Supported by Screen Australia's Skip Ahead program.

Music By Kevin MacLeod, www.incompetech.com "The Builder" and by Amarante Music: http://www.amarantemusic.com

喜多郎 Kitaro - Caravansary (Vocal Version) from Live in Jakarta on 04/07/2011 - Staff Report 34

iTunes Store
http://itunes.apple.com/us/art....ist/kitaro/id2382005

The Silk Road - East & West
Venue: Jakarta Convention Centre, Plenary HallAddress: JL. Jend. Gatot Subroto, Jakarta 10270 IDKitaro

Official Website
http://www.domomusicgroup.com/kitaro/index.php

喜多郎オフィシャルウェブサイト
http://www.diaa.net/kitaro/index.php

Domo Music Official Website
http://www.domomusicgroup.com/index.php

VIITA DE ALFAREROS A GUATEMALA JUNIO 2008

The aurora borealis or northern lights is one of the most spectacular natural displays on the planet. Theories about its origins have been debated for centuries and common misconceptions persist that the aurora is the sun's rays scattered off ice crystals in the high atmosphere. In truth, the light is created more than 100km above Earth's surface as high speed electrons and protons ejected from the sun in a solar flare or coronal mass ejection collide with air molecules in the upper atmosphere. The charged particles from the sun excite air molecules which then de-excite by emitting light. The display is most common around the north and south poles because the Earth's magnetic field deflects the solar wind from the equator to the poles. Here the magnetic field dips towards the Earth's surface, channeling the charged particles into the atmosphere.

Music is by Kevin MacLeod http://incompetech.com, the song is called Mirage

Evidence Facebook's revenue is based on fake likes.
My first vid on the problem with Facebook: http://bit.ly/1dXudqY
I know first-hand that Facebook's advertising model is deeply flawed. When I paid to promote my page I gained 80,000 followers in developing countries who didn't care about Veritasium (but I wasn't aware of this at the time). They drove my reach and engagement numbers down, basically rendering the page useless. I am not the only one who has experienced this. Rory Cellan-Jones had the same luck with Virtual Bagel: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-18819338

The US Department of State spent $630,000 to acquire 2 million page likes and then realized only 2% were engaged. http://wapo.st/1glcyZo

I thought I would demonstrate that the same thing is still happening now by creating Virtual Cat (http://www.facebook.com/MyVirtualCat). I was surprised to discover something worse - false likes are coming from everywhere, including Canada, the US, the UK, and Australia. So even those carefully targeting their campaigns are likely being duped into spending real money on fake followers. Then when they try to reach their followers they have to pay again.

And it's possible to be a victim of fake likes without even advertising. Pages that end up on Facebook's "International Suggested Pages" are also easy targets for click-farms seeking to diversify their likes. http://tnw.co/NsflrC

Thanks to Henry, Grey, and Nessy for feedback on earlier drafts of this video.

Veritasium second channel: http://bit.ly/2Veritasium
Rodney Fox Shark Attack Story: http://bit.ly/1frAwlI
Check out Audible: http://bit.ly/AudibleVe

For this video I went off the coast of South Australia to an island frequented by great white sharks. Here they hunt seals and fish. I've never been scuba diving before but I got into a cage and filmed the sharks under water. It was an incredible experience. Then we came back on the surface to tag the sharks.

Right: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AS9OXzSRBMQ
Left: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FWQ-HJ4oGKQ
It Depends: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R3GHiMOHEy8
What happens when nylon rope is wound around a spool and pulled horizontally to the right? Will the spool go to the right, to the left, or does it depend on how the rope is pulled?

Mars InSight will be the first to detect seismic activity on Mars’ surface, first to measure rate of heat transmitted from interior, first to dig nearly 5m down, first to measure magnetic fields on Mars’ surface, and first to use a robotic arm to place instruments on the surface of Mars (assuming it lands of course…)

If you want to watch the InSight landing “live” (with 4-minute speed of light time delay), go to: https://ve42.co/insight

Special thanks to Patreon supporters:
Donal Botkin, James M Nicholson, Michael Krugman, Nathan Hansen, Ron Neal, Stan Presolski, Terrance Shepherd

Animations courtesy of NASA

Script and Filming with Raquel Nuno

Editing and graphics by Ignat Berbeci

Strange flying objects have been caught on NASA’s cameras and astronauts have reported seeing UFOs. Some can be identified; others remain a mystery. We’ll reveal NASA footage and interview the astronauts and scientists.

Stream More Full Episodes of NASA's Unexplained Files:
https://www.sciencechannel.com..../tv-shows/nasas-unex

Subscribe to Science Channel:
http://bit.ly/SubscribeScience

Like us on Facebook:
https://www.facebook.com/ScienceChannel

Follow us on Twitter:
https://twitter.com/ScienceChannel

Follow us on Instagram:
https://www.instagram.com/ScienceChannel/

On July 4, 1996, the Mars Pathfinder landed on Mars. Since then, NASA has had at least one robot studying the red planet, slowly uncovering its secrets.

Footage courtesy of NASA.

Tech Insider tells you all you need to know about tech: gadgets, how-to's, gaming, science, digital culture, and more.
Subscribe to our channel and visit us at: http://www.businessinsider.com/sai
TI on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/techinsider
TI on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/tech_insider/
TI on Twitter: https://twitter.com/techinsider

Be one of the first 500 people to sign up with this link and get 20% off your subscription with Brilliant.org! https://brilliant.org/realengineering/

New streaming platform: https://watchnebula.com/

Vlog channel: https://www.youtube.com/channe....l/UCMet4qY3027v8Kjpa

Patreon:
https://www.patreon.com/user?u=2825050&ty=h
Facebook:
http://facebook.com/realengineering1
Instagram:
https://www.instagram.com/brianjamesmcmanus
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https://twitter.com/thebrianmcmanus
Discord:
https://discord.gg/s8BhkmN

Get your Real Engineering shirts at: https://standard.tv/collections/real-engineering

Credits:
Writer/Narrator/Editor: Brian McManus
Co-Writer: https://www.youtube.com/channe....l/UClZbmi9JzfnB2CEb0
Animator: Mike Ridolfi (https://www.moboxgraphics.com/)
Sound: Graham Haerther (https://haerther.net/)
Thumbnail: Simon Buckmaster https://twitter.com/forgottentowel


References:
[1] https://www.space.com/7103-titan-world-earth.html
[2] https://www.newscientist.com/a....rticle/2200961-titan
[3] https://www.nytimes.com/2017/0....9/14/science/cassini
[4] https://www.nasa.gov/mission_p....ages/cassini/timelin
[5] http://dragonfly.jhuapl.edu/Ne....ws-and-Resources/new

[6] http://dragonfly.jhuapl.edu/Ne....ws-and-Resources/doc
[7] https://youtu.be/2lv6Vs12jLc?t=156
[8] http://large.stanford.edu/cour....ses/2013/ph241/jiang
[9] https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1033397
[10] https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/....fact_sheets/radioiso
[11] http://dragonfly.jhuapl.edu/Ne....ws-and-Resources/doc
[12] https://mars.nasa.gov/msl/miss....ion/whereistherovern
[13] http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.g....su.edu/hbase/Forces/
[14] https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/m....issions/cassini/miss
[15] http://dragonfly.jhuapl.edu/Ne....ws-and-Resources/doc
[16] https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/me....chanical-engineering
[17] https://m-selig.ae.illinois.ed....u/pubs/DetersAnandaS
[18] http://dragonfly.jhuapl.edu/Ne....ws-and-Resources/doc
[19] https://www.nasa.gov/press-rel....ease/nasas-dragonfly
[20] https://www.hou.usra.edu/meeti....ngs/lpsc2017/eposter

Thank you to AP Archive for access to their archival footage.

Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator

Songs:


Thank you to my patreon supporters: Adam Flohr, Henning Basma, Hank Green, William Leu, Tristan Edwards, Ken Coltan, Andrew McCorkell, Ian Dundore, John & Becki Johnston. Nevin Spoljaric, Jason Clark, Devin Rathbun, Thomas Barth, Paulo Toyosi Toda Nishimura

Spinning objects have strange instabilities known as The Dzhanibekov Effect or Tennis Racket Theorem - this video offers an intuitive explanation.
Part of this video was sponsored by LastPass, click here to find out more: https://ve42.co/LP

References:
Prof. Terry Tao's Math Overflow Explanation: https://ve42.co/Tao

The Twisting Tennis Racket
Ashbaugh, M.S., Chicone, C.C. & Cushman, R.H. J Dyn Diff Equat (1991) 3: 67. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01049489

Janibekov’s effect and the laws of mechanics
Petrov, A.G. & Volodin, S.E. Dokl. Phys. (2013) 58: 349. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1028335813080041

Tumbling Asteroids
Prave et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2004.07.021

The Exact Computation of the Free Rigid Body Motion and Its Use in Splitting Methods
SIAM J. Sci. Comput., 30(4), 2084–2112
E. Celledoni, F. Fassò, N. Säfström, and A. Zanna
https://doi.org/10.1137/070704393

Animations by Iván Tello and Isaac Frame

Special thanks to people who discussed this video with me:
Astronaut Don Pettit
Henry Reich of MinutePhysics
Grant Sanderson of 3blue1brown
Vert Dider (Russian YouTube channel)

Below is a further discussion by Henry Reich that I think helps summarize why axes 1 and 3 are generally stable while axis 2 is not:

In general, you might imagine that because the object can rotate in a bunch of different directions, the components of energy and momentum could be free to change while keeping the total momentum constant.

However, in the case of axis 1, the kinetic energy is the highest possible for a given angular momentum, and in the case of axis 3, the kinetic energy is the lowest possible for a given angular momentum (which can be easily shown from conservation of energy and momentum equations, and is also fairly intuitive from the fact that kinetic energy is proportional to velocity squared, while momentum is proportional to velocity - so in the case of axis 1, the smaller masses will have to be spinning faster for a given momentum, and will thus have more energy, and vice versa for axis 3 where all the masses are spinning: the energy will be lowest). In fact, this is a strict inequality - if the energy is highest possible, there are no other possible combinations of momenta other than L2=L3=0, and vice versa for if the energy is the lowest possible.

Because of this, in the case of axis 1 the energy is so high that there simply aren't any other possible combinations of angular momentum components L1, L2 and L3 - the object would have to lose energy in order to spin differently. And in the case of axis 3, the energy is so low that there likewise is no way for the object to be rotating other than purely around axis 3 - it would have to gain energy. However, there's no such constraint for axis 2, since the energy is somewhere in between the min and max possible. This, together with the centrifugal effects, means that the components of momentum DO change.

Watch the Deep Time Hall livestream here:
https://www.facebook.com/EonsP....BS/videos/4245702917
You can set a reminder on that post to be notified when it goes live!

Don’t forget to check out When Whales Walked: Journeys in Deep Time: https://www.pbs.org/tpt/when-whales-walked/

As a scientific concept, evolution was revolutionary when it was first introduced. With the help of all three of our hosts and the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History’s new Deep Time Hall, we’ll try to explain how evolution actually works and how we came to understand it.

This episode was written by Darcy Shapiro.

Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios

Super special thanks to the following Patreon patrons for helping make Eons possible:

Katie Fichtner, Anthony Callaghan, Zachary Spencer, Stefan Weber, Ilya Murashov, Charles Kahle, Robert Amling, Po Foon Kwong, Larry Wilson, Merri Snaidman, Renzo Caimi Ordenes, John Vanek, Neil H. Gray, Esmeralda Rupp-Spangle, Gregory Donovan, الخليفي سلطان, Gabriel Cortez, Marcus Lejon, Robert Arévalo, Robert Hill, Todd Dittman, Betsy Radley, PS, Philip Slingerland, Jose Garcia, Eric Vonk, Tony Wamsley, Henrik Peteri, Jonathan Wright, Jon Monteiro, James Bording, Brad Nicholls, Miles Chaston, Michael McClellan, Jeff Graham, Maria Humphrey, Nathan Paskett, Connor Jensen, Daisuke Goto, Hubert Rady, Gregory Kintz, Tyson Cleary, Chandler Bass, Maly Lor, Joao Ascensao, Tsee Lee, Sarah Fritts, Alex Yan

If you'd like to support the channel, head over to http://patreon.com/eons and pledge for some cool rewards!

Want to follow Eons elsewhere on the internet?
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References:
https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/cuvier.html
https://evolution.berkeley.edu..../evolibrary/article/
https://evolution.berkeley.edu..../evolibrary/article/
https://evolution.berkeley.edu..../evolibrary/article/
https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/lamarck.html
https://evolution.berkeley.edu..../evolibrary/article/
https://evolution.berkeley.edu..../evolibrary/article/
https://www.amnh.org/exhibitio....ns/darwin/a-trip-aro
http://people.wku.edu/charles.smith/index1.htm
http://wallacefund.info/content/biography-wallace
http://wallacefund.info/conten....t/1858-darwin-wallac
https://evolution.berkeley.edu..../evolibrary/article/
https://evolution.berkeley.edu..../evolibrary/article/
https://evolution.berkeley.edu..../evolibrary/article/
https://evolution.berkeley.edu..../evolibrary/article/
https://www.nature.com/scitabl....e/topicpage/gregor-m
https://evolution.berkeley.edu..../evolibrary/article/
https://evolution.berkeley.edu..../evolibrary/article/
https://evolution.berkeley.edu..../evolibrary/article/
https://evolution.berkeley.edu..../evolibrary/article/
https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolu....tion/library/01/6/l_
https://www.nature.com/scitabl....e/knowledge/library/
https://phys.org/news/2018-08-....truth-darwin-moth.ht
https://evolution.berkeley.edu..../evolibrary/article/
https://www.wired.com/2010/09/florida-panthers/
Bowler, P. (2001). History of Evolutionary Ideas: The Modern Synthesis. ELS: Encyclopedia of the life sciences, 1-5.
Papavero, N., & Santos, C. F. M. D. (2014). Darwinian evolutionism? Contributions of Alfred Russel Wallace to the theory of evolution. Revista Brasileira de História, 34(67), 159-180.
https://www.biodiversitylibrar....y.org/page/2283958#p

Online purchase or streaming (Spotify, iTunes, Amazon Music, Deezer, Google Play): https://brilliant-classics.lnk.to/DebussyEtudes
More Information: https://www.brilliantclassics.....com/articles/d/debus
Brilliant Classics Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/brilliantclassics

Spotify Playlists:
Brilliant Classics Spotify: https://brilliant-classics.lnk.to/Spotify
The best of Liszt: https://brilliant-classics.lnk.to/Playliszt
The best of Bach: https://brilliant-classics.lnk.....to/BestOfBachPlayli
Most popular piano music: https://brilliant-classics.lnk.to/MostPopularPiano
Beautiful classical Music: https://brilliant-classics.lnk.....to/BeautifulClassic
Classical music for dinnertime: https://brilliant-classics.lnk.....to/ClassicalMusicfo

Composer: Claude Debussy
Artist: Mariangela Vacatello (piano)

About this Album:
The Debussy-year 2012 brought a wealth of reissues on the market, but surprisingly few new recordings. Reason the more to welcome this new recording of a generous selection of Debussy piano works, centred around the substantial “12 Etudes”.These works, written in the later stage of Debussy’s creative life, form the apotheosis of his style. Far from any evocative “impressionistic” Tonmalerei or picturesque
atmosphere painting they are Debussy’s answer to the Etudes of Chopin, purely abstract creations of melody, harmony and rhythm. Fiercely uncompromising and difficult, they form the summit of Debussy’s piano oeuvre, and one of the highest challenges to any performing pianist.

The exciting young Italian pianist Mariangela Vacatello is a Liszt specialist, renowned for her passionate performances and technical ability. She has given concerts at prestigious venues across the USA and Europe, and she has won many awards. These include second prize at the Franz Liszt International Piano Competition in 1999, and the Internet Audience Award at the 2009 Van Cliburn International Piano Competition. ‘A very exciting player’ Musical Opinion, 2008.

Tracklist:
00:00:00 Etudes: I. Pour les cinq doigts (d’après Monsieur Czerny)
00:03:19 12 Etudes: II. Pour les tierces
00:07:15 12 Etudes: III. Pour les quartes
00:13:33 12 Etudes: IV. Pour les sixtes
00:18:11 12 Etudes: V. Pour les octaves
00:20:56 12 Etudes: VI. Pour les huit doigts
00:22:33 12 Etudes: VII. Pour les degrés chromatiques
00:24:48 12 Etudes: VIII. Pour les agréments
00:29:55 12 Etudes: IX. Pour les notes répétées
00:33:17 12 Etudes: X. Pour les sonorités opposées
00:38:50 12 Etudes: XI. Pour les arpèges composés
00:43:24 12 Etudes: XII. Pour les accords
00:47:50 Estampes: I. Pagodes
00:52:35 Estampes: II. La soirée dans Grenade
00:57:54 Estampes: III. Jardins sous la pluie
01:01:39 Deux Arabesques: No. 1 Andantino con moto
01:06:19 Deux Arabesques: No.2 Allegretto scherzando
01:09:46 L’Isle joyeuse

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