Epigenetics means women have different active x-chromosomes in different cells. Animation courtesy of http://wehi.tv
Music by Amarante: http://bit.ly/VeAmarante
Animation: Etsuko Uno
Art and Technical Direction: Drew Berry
Sound Design: Francois Tetaz & Emma Bortignon
Scientific Consultation: Marnie Blewitt
Courtesy of Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research: http://wehi.tv

When a female embryo is four days old it consists of just 100 cells. At this point the x-chromosome from Mom and the one from Dad are both active. But in order for proper development to occur, one of the x chromosomes must be switched off.

Through a tiny molecular battle within each cell, one of the x-chromosomes wins and remains active while the loser is deactivated.

This is done by wrapping the DNA tighter around proteins, modifying histone tails, and DNA methylation - molecular markers to indicate this DNA should not be read.

What's surprising is that it's pretty random which x chromosome wins - sometimes it's Mom's and sometimes it's Dad's. So when a female is just 100 cells big, her cells have a mix of active x-chromosomes, some from Mom and some from Dad.

Tracklist Below:
Spotify:https://open.spotify.com/album..../6wWT1ly3WDO6RXC9B5n
Physical Sale: http://brilliantclassics.com/a....rticles/t/ten-holt-c
iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/album..../ten-holt-canto-osti

Following on from Canto Ostinato XL earlier this year, Brilliant Classics is proud to present Canto Ostinato XXL, a recording that brings a new perspective to Simeon ten Holt’s minimalist composition by adding a Romantic organ to the work’s original scoring for four pianos – a combination never before attempted. The result is the most beautiful and harmonious of sounds, one that captures Canto Ostinato’s emotional variety and depth through building on the sweetness and simplicity that inhabit this acclaimed composition, first performed in 1979.
Canto Ostinato is all to do with time: ‘taking your time, passing time, making time,’ as Jeroen van Veen, and one of the performers on the four-disc set, explains; and this is partly effected through the artists’ decision to repeat certain of the composition’s sections (106 in total) ad lib, thus inducing a sort of alienation of the part of the listener (because of the repetition’s posterior relationship to the harmony) and creating a hypnotic effect, a regular feature of minimalist music. Recorded over the course of just one day, this four-hour arrangement slows the tempo down a little, in order to accommodate the magnificent acoustics of the Muziekgebouw Eindhoven. Joining organist Aaart Bergwerff and Brilliant Classics regulars Sandra and Jeroen van Veen, all of whom feature on XL, are the acclaimed piano duo Elizabeth and Marcel Bergmann, both experts in the minimalist genre and who also enjoy separate international careers. Jeroen van Veen chairs the Simeon ten Holt Foundation, dedicated to keeping the wonderful music of this late Dutch composer alive.

Other information:
- Recorded 19 May 2014.

00:00:00 Canto Ostinato: Section 1
00:05:00 Canto Ostinato: Section 5
00:12:10 Canto Ostinato: Section 10
00:32:10 Canto Ostinato: Section 17
00:38:42 Canto Ostinato: Section 20
00:46:46 Canto Ostinato: Section 23
00:58:28 Canto Ostinato: Section 34
01:02:11 Canto Ostinato: Section 37
01:03:23 Canto Ostinato: Section 37
01:08:05 Canto Ostinato: Section 41
01:18:51 Canto Ostinato: Section 56
01:22:35 Canto Ostinato: Section 60
01:31:04 Canto Ostinato: Section 69
01:39:33 Canto Ostinato: Section 74. Cumulation No. 1
01:53:02 Canto Ostinato: Section 83
02:03:33 Canto Ostinato: Section 88
02:07:14 Canto Ostinato: Section 88 A
02:10:54 Canto Ostinato: Section 88 B
02:13:35 Canto Ostinato: Section 88 C
02:33:02 Canto Ostinato: Section 88 A
02:42:15 Canto Ostinato: Section 88 F
02:56:05 Canto Ostinato: Section 88 H
03:02:04 Canto Ostinato: Section 89
03:05:50 Canto Ostinato: Section 91 A
03:07:49 Canto Ostinato: Section 91 A
03:16:25 Canto Ostinato: Section 91 C
03:22:38 Canto Ostinato: Section 91 E
03:38:30 Canto Ostinato: Section 91 I
03:46:18 Canto Ostinato: Section 92
03:51:12 Canto Ostinato: Theme No. 2. Cumulation No. 2
04:02:20 Canto Ostinato: Section 105
04:04:21 Canto Ostinato: Section 106

Artist:
Jeroen van Veen (piano)
Sandra van Veen (piano)
Marcel Bergmann (piano)
Elizabeth Bergmann (piano)
Aart Bergwerff (organ)

For more info, please see http://www.physics.usyd.edu.au/~cross
In baseball and cricket the best pitchers and bowlers know how to make the ball move due to the effects of aerodynamics. If one side of the ball is rough, the ball swings towards that side because turbulent air 'clings' to that side of the ball and is deflected. Although baseballs and cricketballs appear symmetric, they can be made to fly through the air with a smooth or rough side by judicious angling of the seams combined with the axis of rotation.

Es un poco confuso, pero si promediamos las oscilaciones, creo que el resultado es bastante claro. Espero que disfruten de la explicación de este asombroso fenómeno.

Nuevamente, muchas gracias al Profesor Emérito Rod Cross, a Helen Georgiou, Alex Yeung y Chris Stewart, Tom Gordon, al departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica de la Universidad de Sydney, a Duncan y compañía, a Ralph y la Facultad de Física.
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Servicios de doblaje: unilingo

This is the first Veritasium science video. It addresses one of the most fundamental concepts in science: the idea that all things are made of atoms, tiny particles that are in perpetual motion. They attract each other when a little distance apart and repel when squeezed together.

Online purchase or streaming (Spotify, iTunes, Amazon Music, Deezer, Google Play): https://brilliant-classics.lnk.to/Ilpastorfido
More Information: https://www.brilliantclassics.....com/articles/v/vival
Brilliant Classics Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/brilliantclassics

Spotify Playlists:
Brilliant Classics Spotify: https://brilliant-classics.lnk.to/Spotify
Beautiful classical Music: https://brilliant-classics.lnk.....to/BeautifulClassic
Classical music for dinnertime: https://brilliant-classics.lnk.....to/ClassicalMusicfo

Composers: Antonio Vivaldi, Nicolas Chedeville
Artists: Collegium Pro Musica, Stefano Bagliano (solo recorder), Alberto Pisani (cello), Fabiano Martignago (bass recorder), Andrea Coen (harpsichord)

The first thing to say about these six flute sonatas is that they are not by Vivaldi, nor did they ever have anything to do with the Italian composer. They are instead the work of Nicolas de Chédeville (1705-1782), an oboist and musette player, a student of the great French recorder virtuoso Louis Hotteterre who by the age of 25 had acquired a sufficient name for himself to publish his own compositions. He in turn became an esteemed teacher who worked for the royal households.

In 1737 he made a secret agreement with Jean-Noël Marchand for the latter to obtain a privilege to engrave, print and sell a work as Vivaldi's Il pastor fido, op.13, but in a notarial act dated 17 September 1749 Marchand declared that Chédeville was the composer, also revealing that Chédeville had provided the money for the publication and was receiving the emoluments. It is not certain why Chédeville chose to have his own work attributed to Vivaldi and issued under the privilege of Marchand, but perhaps, as Lescat has suggested, he was trying to give the musette, his favourite instrument, the endorsement of a great composer that it had lacked up until then.
But Chédeville, Vivaldi, whoever: what counts is the dancing vitality and simple, beguiling charm of these sonatas, which are played here by an experienced Italian early-music ensemble, whose previous recordings on Brilliant have met with warm critical response.

The Baroque recorder sonatas on this album bear the title “Il pastor fido”, a hugely popular play by Giovanni Guarini, which inspired many composers with its sensuous, pastoral and “romantic” atmosphere. The sonatas were attributed to Antonio Vivaldi (because of the commercial power of his fame) till in 1990 proof was found they have been written by the French composer Nicolas Chédeville, who borrowed material from Vivaldi and other composers, and developed it in the same idiom.
Excellent performances by the Ensemble Pro Musica, elite players from the Italian Early Music scene: Stefano Bagliano (recorder), Andrea Coen (harpsichord and organ).

00:00:00 Il pastor fido, Op. 13 Sonata No. 1 in C Major: I. Moderato
00:03:00 Il pastor fido, Op. 13 Sonata No. 1 in C Major: II. Allegro, tempo di gavotte
00:04:25 Il pastor fido, Op. 13 Sonata No. 1 in C Major: III. Aria affettuoso
00:07:00 Il pastor fido, Op. 13 Sonata No. 1 in C Major: IV. Allegro
00:09:25 Il pastor fido, Op. 13 Sonata No. 1 in C Major: V. Giga allegro
00:11:32 Il pastor fido, Op. 13 Sonata No. 2 in C Major: I. Preludio, adagio
00:13:51 Il pastor fido, Op. 13 Sonata No. 2 in C Major: II. Allegro assai
00:15:50 Il pastor fido, Op. 13 Sonata No. 2 in C Major: III. Sarabanda, adagio
00:18:00 Il pastor fido, Op. 13 Sonata No. 2 in C Major: IV. Allegro
00:19:54 Il pastor fido, Op. 13 Sonata No. 3 in G Major: I. Preludio, andante
00:22:12 Il pastor fido, Op. 13 Sonata No. 3 in G Major: II. Allegro ma non presto
00:24:54 Il pastor fido, Op. 13 Sonata No. 3 in G Major: III. Sarabanda
00:26:31 Il pastor fido, Op. 13 Sonata No. 3 in G Major: IV. Corrente
00:29:00 Il pastor fido, Op. 13 Sonata No. 3 in G Major: V. Giga, allegro
00:30:13 Il paster fido, Op. 13 Sonata No. 4 in A Major: I. Preludio, largo
00:32:38 Il pastor fido, Op. 13 Sonata No. 4 in A Major: II. Allegro ma non presto
00:35:36 Il pastor fido, Op. 13 Sonata No. 4 in A Major: III. Pastorale
00:39:08 Il pastor fido, Op. 13 Sonata No. 4 in A Major: IV. Allegro
00:41:04 Il pastor fido, Op. 13 Sonata No. 5 in C Major: I. Un poco vivace
00:42:54 Il pastor fido, Op. 13 Sonata No. 5 in C Major: II. Allegro ma non presto
00:45:32 Il pastor fido, Op. 13 Sonata No. 5 in C Major: III. Un poco vivace
00:48:32 Il pastor fido, Op. 13 Sonata No. 5 in C Major: IV. Giga
00:50:36 Il pastor fido, Op. 13 Sonata No. 5 in C Major: V. Adagio
00:51:48 Il pastor fido, Op. 13 Sonata No. 5 in C Major: VI. Minuetto I/II/I
00:52:24 Il pastor fido, Op. 13 Sonata No. 6 in G Minor: I. Vivace
00:55:51 Il pastor fido, Op. 13 Sonata No. 6 in G Minor: II. Fuga da capella
00:57:40 Il pastor fido, Op. 13 Sonata No. 6 in G Minor: III. Largo
00:59:34 Il pastor fido, Op. 13 Sonata No. 6 in G Minor: IV. Allegro ma non presto

Online purchase or streaming (Spotify, iTunes, Amazon Music, Deezer, Tidal, Google Play):
https://brilliant-classics.lnk.....to/BrahmsViolaSonat

Physical Purchase:
https://www.brilliantclassics.....com/articles/b/brahm

Spotify Playlists:
Brilliant Classics Spotify: https://brilliant-classics.lnk.to/Spotify
The best of Liszt: https://brilliant-classics.lnk.to/Playliszt
The best of Bach: https://brilliant-classics.lnk.....to/BestOfBachPlayli
Most popular piano music: https://brilliant-classics.lnk.to/MostPopularPiano
Beautiful classical Music: https://brilliant-classics.lnk.....to/BeautifulClassic
Classical music for dinnertime: https://brilliant-classics.lnk.....to/ClassicalMusicfo
Composer: Johannes Brahms
Artists: Sara Mingardo alt
Luca Sanzò viola
Maurizio Paciariello piano

About this Album:
Brahms had already declared to his long-suffering publisher Simrock that he was done with the business of composition before producing these, his final pieces of chamber music. He was inspired by the clarinettist Richard Mühlfeld, a player in the court orchestra of Meiningen, where Hans von Bülow conducted the composer’s music including all the symphonies. Mühlfeld’s breath control and superb melodic sensitivity evidently reawakened in the composer the long-breathed melodies which mark out his chamber music throughout his career, but Brahms soon declared that the sonatas could just as well be played on the viola, perhaps with one eye on his royalties from Simrock, but violists have been glad to seize on their ‘own’ Brahms ever since.
Melancholy is perhaps inevitably the major key of both sonatas – Brahms had been drawn to express autumnal loneliness even 40 years before – but they are not gloomy works, and are built with undimmed ingenuity as masterfully organic structures in which the usual contrast of first and second themes is forsaken for the kind of continuous variation which Arnold Schoenberg could justly and admiringly describe as ‘musical prose’.

Tracklist:
00:00:00 Violin Sonata No. 1 in F Minor, Op. 120: I. Allegro appassionato
00:08:32 Violin Sonata No. 1 in F Minor, Op. 120: II. Andante un poco adagio
00:13:20 Violin Sonata No. 1 in F Minor, Op. 120: III. Alegretto grazioso
00:18:11 Violin Sonata No. 1 in F Minor, Op. 120: IV. Vivace
00:23:44 2 Gesänge, Op. 91: I. Gestillte Sehnsucht
00:29:53 2 Gesänge, Op. 91: II. Geistliches Wiegenlied
00:35:25 Violin Sonata No. 2 in E-Flat Major, Op. 120: I. Allegro amabile
00:44:14 Violin Sonata No. 2 in E-Flat Major, Op. 120: II. Allegro appassionato
00:50:13 Violin Sonata No. 2 in E-Flat Major, Op. 120: III. Andante con moto

Thanks for watching! Feel free to subscribe and visit our channel for the best classical music from the greatest composers like: Bach, Satie, Mozart, Tchaikovsky, Beethoven, Chopin, Haydn, Ravel, Debussy, Verdi, Vivaldi, Handel, Brahms, Liszt, Schubert, Mendelssohn, Rachmaninoff, Wagner, Strauss, Handel, Dvorak, Schubert and many more! We upload complete albums, music for relaxing, working, studying, meditating, concentrating, instrumental music, opera, violin, classical piano music, sonatas and more!

#Classical #BrilliantClassics #Music #Composer #ClassicalMusic #Brahms

Aerogels are the world's lightest (least dense) solids. They are also excellent thermal insulators and have been used in numerous Mars missions and the Stardust comet particle-return mission. The focus of this video is silica aerogels, though graphene aerogels are now technically the lightest.

At one point Dr. Steven Jones literally held the Guinness World Record for making the lightest aerogel and therefore lightest solid. If you're interested in learning more about aerogels, let me know in the comments as there is a potential trilogy in the works...

Huge thanks to Dr. Stephen Steiner and the crew at Aerogel Technologies. To find out more or buy your own aerogel sample, check out: http://www.aerogeltechnologies.com/

Thanks to Dr. Steven Jones and Dr. Mihail Petkov at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory

And thanks to FLIR for loaning us the awesome high definition thermal camera. The footage is amazing! https://www.flir.com

Special thanks to Patreon supporters:
Donal Botkin, Michael Krugman, Ron Neal, Stan Presolski, Terrance Shepherd, Penward Rhyme and everyone who provided feedback on an early draft of this video.

Filming by Raquel Nuno
Animations by Maria Raykova
Drawings by Mariel Solsberg

Music From http://epidemicsound.com "Seaweed" "Swagger Stagger"

NEW CHANNEL! http://youtube.com/sciencium

For a long time we thought the Moon was completely dry, but it turns out there are actually three sources of lunar water.
Thanks to Google Making and Science for supporting the new channel! http://youtube.com/makingscience

Thanks to Patreon supporters:
Nathan Hansen, Donal Botkin, Tony Fadell, Zach Mueller, Ron Neal

Support Veritasium on Patreon: http://bit.ly/VePatreon

References:
Great history of water on the moon: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1205.5597.pdf

Filmed by Raquel Nuno

Music from http://epidemicsound.com "Serene Story 2"

Tracklist below.

Online purchase or streaming (Spotify, iTunes, Amazon Music, Deezer, Google Play): https://brilliant-classics.lnk.to/MascagniMessa
More Information:
Brilliant Classics Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/user/....brilliantclassics?si
Brilliant Classics Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/brilliantclassics

Artist: Ensemble Seicentonovecento, Flavio Colusso (conductor)

Today Mascagni is best remembered for his verismo opera Cavalleria rusticana, a work which firmly belongs in many of the greatest opera houses’ core repertory, but his Messa di Gloria – which predates this composition by a matter of months and from which many of Cavalleria’s themes in fact derive – was also greatly lauded in its day. Mascagni’s interest in church music can be traced back to the days of his gifted adolescence: by the age of 13 he has written a Kyrie; at the age of 16 he refers in a letter to his involvement in composing a Mass (together with his friend Barbini); and during his student days in Milan he composed a motet as well as a great deal of music for the Messa per la festa di Maria SS. del Rosario. First performed in the Apulian town of Cerginola and conducted by the composer himself, a contemporary account of the Messa di Gloria described it as ‘a very powerful and original work, full of beauty, inspired by the requirements of modern taste’. In 1891 Mascagni repeated the peformance to an audience of 6000, as part of the celebrations marking the sixth centenary of Orvieto’s famous cathedral; such was the reception that the magazine Teatro illustrato declared the occasion ‘an event for the art of music in Italy’. Anyone expecting to hear a chorale, a fugue or even a simple fugato anywhere in the piece would have been disappointed, however, and doubts were raised regarding the religious nature of the work.

Instead, as the composer himself wrote, the Messa di Gloria can be described as a ‘prayer. The Mass is a prayer, all love and all passion!’ Here it is performed with aplomb by Ensemble Seicentonovento, an internationally renowned vocal-instrumental group that has recorded widely and appeared with such notable singers as José Carreras and Patrizia Pace. Iorio Zennaro and Pietro Spagnoli contribute well-executed arias to the mix as the respective tenor and bass soloists.

00:00:00 Messa di Gloria: Kyrie (Tenor, Bass, Chorus)
00:05:18 Messa di Gloria: Gloria (Tenor, Bass, Chorus)
00:07:00 Messa di Gloria: Gloria. Laudamus (Tenor, Chorus)
00:11:25 Messa di Gloria: Gloria. Gratias (Bass)
00:16:30 Messa di Gloria: Gloria. Domine Deus (Tenor, Bass)
00:18:48 Messa di Gloria: Gloria. Qui tollis (Tenor)
00:23:11 Messa di Gloria: Gloria. Qui sedes (Bass)
00:27:30 Messa di Gloria: Gloria. Quoniam (Tenor, Bass, Chorus)
00:28:42 Messa di Gloria: Gloria. Cum Sancto Spiritu (Tenor, Bass, Chorus)
00:29:51 Messa di Gloria: Credo (Chorus)
00:31:32 Messa di Gloria: Credo. Et incarnatus (Tenor, Chorus)
00:35:07 Messa di Gloria: Credo. Et resurrexit (Tenor, Bass, Chorus)
00:38:12 Messa di Gloria: Sanctus (Tenor, Chorus)
00:40:21 Messa di Gloria: Sanctus. Elevazione
00:44:08 Messa di Gloria: Sanctus. Benedictus (Bass)
00:47:15 Messa di Gloria: Sanctus. Hosanna (Chorus)
00:47:53 Messa di Gloria: Agnus Dei (Tenor, Bass, Chorus)

Light is so common that we rarely think about what it really is. But just over two hundred years ago, a groundbreaking experiment answered the question that had occupied physicists for centuries. Is light made up of waves or particles?

The experiment was conducted by Thomas Young and is known as Young's Double Slit Experiment. This famous experiment is actually a simplification of a series of experiments on light conducted by Young. In a completely darkened room, Young allowed a thin beam of sunlight to pass through an aperture on his window and onto two narrow, closely spaced openings (the double slit). This sunlight then cast a shadow onto the wall behind the apparatus. Young found that the light diffracted as it passed through the slits, and then interfered with itself, created a series of light and dark spots. Since the sunlight consists of all colours of the rainbow, these colours were also visible in the projected spots. Young concluded that light consist of waves and not particles since only waves were known to diffract and interfere in exactly the manner that light did in his experiment.

The way I have always seen this experiment performed is with a laser and a manufactured double slit but since the experiment was conducted in 1801 I have always thought that it should be possible to recreate the experiment using sunlight and household materials. That is basically what I did here. I will show the interference pattern I observed with my homemade double slit on 2Veritasium but I chose to use a manufactured double slit here to ensure that the pattern was impressive for observers at the beach.

Special thanks to Henry, Brady, and Rupert for their cameos, Glen for filming and Josh for helping create the apparatus. Thanks also to the Royal Society for allowing us to view the original manuscript of Young's lecture and the University of Sydney for lending the double slits.

Music by Kevin Mcleod (incompetech.com) Danse Macabre, Scissors

This selection gives you a beautiful impression of the J.S. Bach - Complete Edition’s second volume. For the complete second volume (18 hours) and Complete Boxset, please check the following links:

Physical purchase:
http://brilliantclassics.com/a....rticles/j/js-bach-co

Online purchase or streaming (Spotify, iTunes, Amazon Music, Deezer, Google Play):
Vol. 1: https://brilliant-classics.lnk.to/bachvol1
Vol. 2: https://brilliant-classics.lnk.to/Bachvol2
Vol. 3: https://brilliant-classics.lnk.to/Bachvol3
Vol. 4: https://brilliant-classics.lnk.to/Bachvol4
Vol. 5: https://brilliant-classics.lnk.to/Bachvol5
Vol. 6: https://brilliant-classics.lnk.to/Bachvol6
Vol. 7: https://brilliant-classics.lnk.to/Bachvol7
Vol. 8: https://brilliant-classics.lnk.to/Bachvol8
Vol. 9: https://brilliant-classics.lnk.to/Bachvol9
Vol. 10: https://brilliant-classics.lnk.to/Bachvol10

The full tracklist can be found in the comments section below!

Johann Sebastian Bach’s stature as a composer of extraordinary talent and widespread influence is so firmly established in Western culture that it is difficult to believe that only 150 years ago his works lay in veritable obscurity, unknown to all but a small group of scholars. It is largely thanks to ohn, who essentially effected a revival of the composer’s music through his rediscovery and promulgation of the St Matthew Passion, besides other pieces, that his works are today regarded as pinnacles of music expression. That they are among the most performed and widely attended is in no doubt; in Holland alone, thousands of singers and musicians are involved in dozens of performances of the St Matthew Passion in Holy Week, with hundreds of thousands listening in churches and concert halls, or gathered around the radio, to what has been described as ‘the Gospel according to Bach’.

The collection Contains 142 CDs (112 hours) representing the entirety of Johann Sebastian Bach’s oeuvre in historically informed performances. This includes all 200 sacred cantatas recorded for Brilliant Classics on period instruments and sung by the Holland Boys Choir.

The Vikings suffered many hardships living in the north of Europe: long, cold winters and importantly a lack of sunlight. Luckily, they had cod.
Check out Vitamania: https://ve42.co/cod

When making a video about vitamins I thought the story would mainly be about supplement pills, whether we should or shouldn't take them and how they're made. But what I found out is vitamins have a remarkable story that affects many more aspects of our lives. For example the Vikings needed a source of vitamin D to last the dark winter months and for their children to develop strong, healthy bones, avoiding rickets.

Special thanks to Patreon supporters:
a human, Albert Jachowicz-Brzeziński, Alfred Wallace, Arjun Chakroborty, Brent Stewart, Chris Vargas, Chuck Lauer Vose, Clip Tree, Coale Shifflett, Colin Bellmore, DALE HORNE, Eric Velazquez, Fedor Indutny, Fran Rodriguez, James Wong, Jasper Xin, Joar Wandborg, Johnny, Jorge Angel Sandoval, June Kang, Kevin Beavers, Kishore Tipirneni, Levan Ferr, Listen Money Matters, Manuel Zürcher, Mark Bevilacqua, Mathias Göransson, Michael Bradley Wirz, Michael Krugman, Mohammed Al Sahaf, Nicholas Hastings, OddJosh, Patrick Čalija, Peter Tajti, Philipp Volgger, Roberto Rezende, Robin DeBank, Ron Neal, Stan Presolski, Swante Scholz, Tiago Bruno, Tige Thorman, Warrior8252

This video was filmed by Harry Panagiotidis
Researched and written by Derek Muller and Jonny Hyman
Editing, animation and music by Jonny Hyman
Cod liver oil animation by Iván Tello
Vitamania was written, directed and produced by Sonya Pemberton

¿Pueden los iones de aire negativos mejorar el estado de ánimo, la ansiedad, la depresión y el estado de alerta? Acompáñanos a descubrirlo! SUSCRÍBETE ahora para ver todos nuestros videos:
http://bit.ly/Suscribirse_Veritasium_en_español

Un agradecimiento especial al profesor Jack Beauchamp y al Dr. Nathan Dalleska de Caltech por toda su ayuda para realizar estos experimentos y discutir la investigación.
Para más información, echa un vistazo a los siguientes enlaces:
http://www.cce.caltech.edu/peo....ple/jesse-l-jack-bea
http://beckmaninstitute.caltech.edu/eac.shtml

Si desea profundizar en la investigación sobre iones negativos, sugiero comenzar con los estudios de revisión:

Los iones del aire y los resultados sobre el estado de ánimo: una revisión y un meta-análisis.
Pérez V, Alexander DD, Bailey WH.
BMC Psychiatry. 2013 15 de enero, 13:29.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23320516

Iones del aire y resultados sobre la función respiratoria: una revisión exhaustiva
Dominik D Alexander, William H. Bailey, Vanessa Pérez, Meghan E Mitchell y Steave Su
Resultados de J Negat Biomed. 2013; 12:14.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p....mc/articles/PMC38485

Exposición de animales de laboratorio a pequeños iones de aire: una revisión sistemática de estudios biológicos y de comportamiento.
Bailey WH, Williams AL, Leonhard MJ.
Biomed Eng Online. 2018 5 de junio; 17 (1): 72.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29866122

Fotografía en miniatura de Raquel Nuno.

VFX por Alan Chamberlain

Grabación de sonido por Whitney Clavin

Motion Graphics por Charlie Kilman

Música de Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com "Capture a Picture 1" y "Seaweed"

SUSCRÍBETE ahora para ver todos nuestros videos:
http://bit.ly/Suscribirse_Veritasium_en_español
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Servicios de doblaje: Unilingo
Traductora: Paula Salomone
Voz de doblaje: Pato Lago, Diego Rivas,
Ingeniero de sonido: Gastón Adriel Álvarez
Edición y post-producción de video: Juan Caille Tornquist
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#veritasiumenespañol

Kitaro - The Field - Live in Izumo Taisha (Izumo Grand Shrine) on 8/10/1990

http://itunes.apple.com/us/art....ist/kitaro/id2382005

http://www.domocart.com/domo-store/index.php


Song: The Field

Theme From Silk Road
Caravansary
Cosmic Love
The Field
Hajimari
Sozo
Koi
Orochi
Nageki
Matsuri
Reimei
Nageki


Drums: Casey Scheuerell
Percussion: Ken Park
Keyboards: Brian Becvar
Violin: Charlie Bisharat
Keyboards: Kit Walker
Guitar: Barry Coates
Bass: Steve Bailey

Official Website
http://domomusicgroup.com/kitaro/

日本語オフィシャルウェブサイト
http://www.diaa.net/kitaro/index.php

Recuento en imagenes de nuestros dias por Ecuador y Peru 2015

In 1993, scientists cracked open a piece of amber, took out the body of an ancient weevil, and sampled its DNA. Or, at least, so we thought. It took another few decades of research, and a lot of take-backs, before scientists could figure out how we could truly unlock the genetic secrets of the past.

Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios

Super special thanks to the following Patreon patrons for helping make Eons possible:

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References:
https://journals.plos.org/plos....one/article?id=10.13
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28486705
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.co....m/doi/abs/10.1111/17
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature13408
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature10574
http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/....10.1603/0013-8746%28
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26989198
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/a....rticle/pjab1977/65/1
http://rspb.royalsocietypublis....hing.org/content/264
https://www.tandfonline.com/do....i/abs/10.1080/205489
https://blogs.scientificameric....an.com/guest-blog/ju
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1684053
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14711425
https://www.nature.com/articles/362709a0
https://pubs.geoscienceworld.o....rg/gsa/geology/artic
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23055061
https://www.nature.com/articles/363536a0
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p....mc/articles/PMC26949

Spinning objects have strange instabilities known as The Dzhanibekov Effect or Tennis Racket Theorem - this video offers an intuitive explanation.
Part of this video was sponsored by LastPass, click here to find out more: https://ve42.co/LP

References:
Prof. Terry Tao's Math Overflow Explanation: https://ve42.co/Tao

The Twisting Tennis Racket
Ashbaugh, M.S., Chicone, C.C. & Cushman, R.H. J Dyn Diff Equat (1991) 3: 67. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01049489

Janibekov’s effect and the laws of mechanics
Petrov, A.G. & Volodin, S.E. Dokl. Phys. (2013) 58: 349. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1028335813080041

Tumbling Asteroids
Prave et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2004.07.021

The Exact Computation of the Free Rigid Body Motion and Its Use in Splitting Methods
SIAM J. Sci. Comput., 30(4), 2084–2112
E. Celledoni, F. Fassò, N. Säfström, and A. Zanna
https://doi.org/10.1137/070704393

Animations by Iván Tello and Isaac Frame

Special thanks to people who discussed this video with me:
Astronaut Don Pettit
Henry Reich of MinutePhysics
Grant Sanderson of 3blue1brown
Vert Dider (Russian YouTube channel)

Below is a further discussion by Henry Reich that I think helps summarize why axes 1 and 3 are generally stable while axis 2 is not:

In general, you might imagine that because the object can rotate in a bunch of different directions, the components of energy and momentum could be free to change while keeping the total momentum constant.

However, in the case of axis 1, the kinetic energy is the highest possible for a given angular momentum, and in the case of axis 3, the kinetic energy is the lowest possible for a given angular momentum (which can be easily shown from conservation of energy and momentum equations, and is also fairly intuitive from the fact that kinetic energy is proportional to velocity squared, while momentum is proportional to velocity - so in the case of axis 1, the smaller masses will have to be spinning faster for a given momentum, and will thus have more energy, and vice versa for axis 3 where all the masses are spinning: the energy will be lowest). In fact, this is a strict inequality - if the energy is highest possible, there are no other possible combinations of momenta other than L2=L3=0, and vice versa for if the energy is the lowest possible.

Because of this, in the case of axis 1 the energy is so high that there simply aren't any other possible combinations of angular momentum components L1, L2 and L3 - the object would have to lose energy in order to spin differently. And in the case of axis 3, the energy is so low that there likewise is no way for the object to be rotating other than purely around axis 3 - it would have to gain energy. However, there's no such constraint for axis 2, since the energy is somewhere in between the min and max possible. This, together with the centrifugal effects, means that the components of momentum DO change.

The total solar eclipse from Madras, Oregon on August 21, 2017. As the moon passed in front of the sun turning day to night and revealing the sun's corona, apparently all I could think to say was 'Oh my goodness!'

Special thanks to Patreon Supporters:
Nathan Hansen, Donal Botkin, Ron Neal, Zach Mueller, Jeff Straathof, Curational, Tony Fadell

Everyone says not to photograph your first solar eclipse and I think they might be right. I was focused on getting the exposure right for Bailey's beads and the diamond ring, plus making sure to get the corona and solar flares. This was a bit stressful but I'm delighted with the results.

This video originally included more info but since I'm uploading from Madras where the internet is sluggish, I cut out three minutes so the upload would happen before I had to leave for my flight.

Special thanks also to Dr. Teagan Wall for sharing this experience with me and Raquel Nuno for inspiring me to come to Oregon.

Music from http://epidemicsound.com "Spinning Earth 2" and
Kevin MacLeod http://incompetech.com "Big Mojo"

A trip to #Mars involves radiation, muscle and bone loss, intermediate axis theorem and liquids.
Check out Mars on National Geographic, Monday Nov 12 at 9/8c
#sponsored

When I got offered the chance to fly in another #zeroG plane, I jumped at the chance. Do you know how hard it is when you are thrust into low-gravity, like the 37% of Earth's gravity of Mars, and you have to remember what you were going to say in a 30 second window as blood floods your head? It's pretty hard. It would be even harder to actually travel to Mars. It would take about 8 months in microgravity during which time your muscles and bones would weaken substantially, even if you exercise for hours a day like the astronauts on the space station. And your heart is a muscle too so it weakens as well. Before I contemplated these rates of muscle and bone loss, I thought the major challenge with a round trip journey to Mars would be the logistics of spacecraft and having enough fuel to get back. But with the weakening of the human body, it's an open question whether anyone would really want to come back.

Filmed by Steve Boxall

Music from Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com