Origami is inspiring a plethora of new engineering designs. Try yourself: https://ve42.co/Origami
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Huge thanks to:
Dr. Robert Lang https://langorigami.com
Prof. Larry Howell https://www.compliantmechanisms.byu.edu/

On first glance it's surprising that origami -- a centuries old art of folding paper to achieve particular aesthetics -- is applicable to engineering. But upon closer consideration there are a lot of reasons methods developed for paper folding are also applicable to engineering: origami allows you to take a flat sheet of material and convert it to almost any shape only by folding. Plus for large flat structures, origami provides a way of shrinking dimensions while ensuring simply deployment - this is particularly useful for solar arrays in space applications. Furthermore, motions designed to take advantage of the flexibility of paper can also be used to form compliant mechanisms for engineering like the kaleidocycle. Since the principles of origami are scalable, mechanisms can also be dramatically miniaturized.

Some of the work shown is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Grant No. EFRI-ODISSEI-1240417. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.

Special thanks to Patreon supporters:
Alfred Wallace, Arjun Chakroborty, Bryan Baker, Chris Vargas, Chuck Lauer Vose, DALE HORNE, Donal Botkin, halyoav, James Knight, Jasper Xin, Joar Wandborg, Kevin Beavers, kkm, Leah Howard, Lyvann Ferrusca, Michael Krugman, Noel Braganza, Pindex, Ron Neal, Sam Lutfi, Stan Presolski, Tige Thorman

Edited by
Jonny Hyman, Isaac Frame, and Derek Muller

Music by
Jonny Hyman

How lift actually works: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aFO4PBolwFg
More with Canadian Olympian Hunter Lowden: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6YVOPUkbu6g

How does a sailboat work? The standard idea is that the wind pushes the sails from behind, causing the boat to move forward. Although this technique is used at times, it is not the most efficient way to sail a boat (and it means the boat can never go faster than the wind). Lift is the key mechanism driving a boat forwards. As air flows over the sails, it moves faster over the outer side, creating lower pressure than on the inner side. This produces a force which is mostly to the side and a bit forwards. Lift on the centerboard pushes to the opposite side, cancelling the sideways force and adding a forward component of force to the boat.

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In April 2012, I was part of a team of scientists, teachers and students who travelled to Alaska to observe the Northern Lights or Aurora Borealis. Our mission was a unique one - to launch weather balloons up to 100,000 feet loaded with experiments, tracking devices and HD cameras. This is the result of our trip, produced for Catalyst on ABC1 http://www.abc.net.au/catalyst/

Everyone is familiar with liquid water, ice and water vapour, but what are the differences between these three states of matter? Solids, liquids and vapours of the same substance differ in the motion of the molecules and the distance between them.

Animations courtesy of VisChem (Trade Mark), Copyright 1995, Roy Tasker. Thanks for all your help!

The story of three impressive high school science projects. Can you guess which student won $250,000 in the #RegeneronSTS? Applications open June 1: http://bit.ly/2HkLXT1 This video was sponsored by Regeneron. The Science Talent Search was founded and produced by the Society for Science and the Public.

Huge thanks to the students: Ronak Roy, Ana Humphrey, and Anjali Chadha. It was great getting to meet all of you and learn about your original scientific research.

Special thanks to Assistant Professor Konstantin Batygin for discussing Ana's research and Planet 9 with me. More is coming on the Planet 9 front.

Ronak came up with a new design for the phoropter, the device used to determine eye-glass prescriptions. It's basically been unchanged for 200 years. Using a liquid lens, he miniaturized the device and wrote an algorithm to determine your prescription.

Ana used math and physics to search for hidden exoplanets. There are a number of reasons why the transit method and Kepler telescope may have missed them: they're too small, too inclined, or take too long to orbit and so were not seen. By considering which planetary systems have additional space for more planets, Ana came up with 560 locations where we may look again for planets in future.

Anjali developed an internet enabled device for measuring arsenic concentrations in drinking water. The device performs several chemical reactions to release the arsenic into a measurable state. It then reacts the arsenic with a test strip to produce a color output. This color is sampled by a camera and processed to determine the concentration of arsenic in the water sample. This has significant potential applications around the world helping reduce exposure to arsenic and potentially other contaminants.

Filming by Raquel Nuno

Por debajo de la Alameda de Hércules de Sevilla existe una laguna oculta. Aguas profundas que desean salir a la superficie pero que no lo hacen porque, tal vez ,esa laguna ya no existe. La música de Ray Lynch produce la magia de poder contemplar fuentes que surgen del suelo de las que mana ese agua imaginada y se transforma en nubes que se esparcen por debajo de las rodillas: Clouds below your knees...

Is it possible to reconstruct sound from high-speed video images?
Part of this video was sponsored by LastPass: http://bit.ly/2SmRQkk
Special thanks to Dr. Abe Davis for revisiting his research with me: http://abedavis.com

This video was based on research by Dr. Abe Davis and colleagues. I found out about this work years ago and was fascinated by the way he was able to capture vibration information in image-only video. I always imagined the motions of objects would be visible as when recording a tuning fork in slow motion - so deriving sound from high speed images seemed a feasible task. But the reality is much more difficult.

Sound vibrations only cause objects to wiggle by about a micrometer. This is much smaller than a pixel, so the algorithm must understand the characteristics of the image. A move in one direction should cause some pixels to lighten slightly, while others darken - and this behavior is correlated along the edges of the image. So noise can be reduced because it's random over the image and there are enough places to sample that you can get it to cancel out.

Something I'm wondering now is - would it be possible to capture sound in a single image? I'm thinking it would have to be an image of a large object or space because the wavelengths of typical sounds are quite long. Maybe a high frequency sound could be imaged in a suitable medium...

Animations by Alan Chamberlain

Music from http://epidemicsound.com "Seaweed"

In 2020, NASA will send a new rover to the Martian surface with one of its objectives to search for evidence of ancient life on the planet. I made this clip as a correspondent for Bill Nye Saves the World on Netflix.

Touring the Jet Propulsion Lab (JPL) in Pasadena was an awesome experience. I didn't think we were going to get into the control room but we got lucky. Some of the greatest moments in the history of space exploration have taken place there. They have a giant vacuum chamber where they can take the rover down to the atmospheric pressure on Mars (roughly .01x Earth's atmosphere) and test all of the devices to make sure there are no electrical discharges due to the reduced pressure. I also enjoyed seeing how the rocks will be cored and stored in tubes and deposited on the Martian surface awaiting pickup by the following mission.

Images courtesy of NASA.

Filmed by Raquel Nuno from 3:30 onwards.

Music: http://epidemicsound.com "Serene Story 2"

There are a few persistent misconceptions about what causes the seasons. Most believe it is the distance between the Earth and sun which varies to give us seasonal temperature variations. However it is actually the directness of the sun's rays leading to more intense sunshine in summer and less in winter.

An atom is mostly empty space, but empty space is mostly not empty. The reason it looks empty is because electrons and photons don't interact with the stuff that is there, quark and gluon field fluctuations.
It actually takes energy to clear out space and make a true 'empty' vacuum. This seems incredibly counter-intuitive but we can make an analogy to a permanent magnet. When at low energies, like at room temperature, there is a magnetic field around the magnet due to the alignment of all the magnetic moments of the atoms. But if you add some energy to it by heating it, the particles gain thermal energy, which above the Curie temperature makes their magnetic moments randomly oriented and hence destroying the magnetic field. So in this case energy is needed to clear out the field, just as in the quantum vacuum.

Special thanks to Professor Derek Leinweber, find out more about his research here: http://bit.ly/ZZTKFP

La biología celular nos da pistas de por qué los humanos envejecemos y las langostas no lo hacen.
SUSCRÍBETE ahora para ver todos nuestros videos: http://bit.ly/Suscribirse_Veritasium_en_español

Siempre nos hacemos preguntas como:
¿Cuál es la esperanza de vida? ¿Cuánto tiempo de vida nos queda?
¿Porqué envejecemos? ¿Cómo rejuvenecer o detener el envejecimiento?
Visitamos a la doctora Ginty, quien nos contó acerca de su investigación sobre los telómeros y la telomerasa. Acompáñenme a descubrirla para intentar responder alguna de esas preguntas.

Las animaciones son de la película ganadora del Emmy 'Immortal', reproducida aquí por cortesía de December Media y Genepool Productions (anteriormente Pemberton Films)

Un agradecimiento especial a la Dra. Fiona Ginty, Científica Principal del Grupo de Ciencias de la Vida y Diagnóstico Molecular en GE. Su investigación se centra en obtener imágenes de diferentes proteínas dentro de la célula. Es una técnica muy poderosa y hermosa.

Filmado por Raquel Nuno y Vasilios Sfinarolakis.
Maquillaje envejecido por Heather Grippaldi: http://bit.ly/1Xebikh
Música de Kevin MacLeod, www.incompetech.com "Past the Edge" y "Lightless Dawn"

SUSCRÍBETE ahora para ver todos nuestros videos:
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Video Original Veritasium:
How Long Will You Live?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_dDqFB-PjWg

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Traductora: Paula Salomone
Voz de doblaje: Pato Lago, Julia González Biondini
Ingeniero de sonido: Gastón Adriel Álvarez
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El aerogel tiene propiedades extraordinarias, pero puede ser difícil trabajar con él. Este video analiza la modificación de aerogeles para aprovechar sus extraordinarias características.
SUSCRÍBETE ahora para ver todos nuestros videos:
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Muchas gracias al Dr. Stephen Steiner y al equipo de Aerogel Technologies.
Para obtener más información o comprar tu propia muestra de aerogel, visita:
http://www.aerogeltechnologies.com/

Gracias al Dr. Steven Jones y al Dr. Mihail Petkov del Laboratorio de Propulsión a Chorro de la NASA.

Y gracias a FLIR por prestarnos la increíble cámara térmica de alta definición. ¡Las tomas quedaron increíbles! https://www.flir.com

Las extraordinarias propiedades del Aerogel se deben en gran parte a su estructura. El aerogel es sólido, pero a nanoescala tiene una estructura de malla o esponja. Los pilares de su estructura son de tamaño nanométrico, al igual que los poros de unos 20 nanómetros de ancho. Esto hace que el aerogel de sílice sea increíblemente liviano, transparente y absorbente. (alguna vez fue el sólido más liviano pero ahora ha sido reemplazado por el aerogel de grafeno)

Una pieza de aerogel del tamaño de un cubo de hielo tiene una superficie interna aproximadamente igual a la mitad de un campo de futbol. El aerogel se usa en cajas de museo de alta gama para regular la humedad. Además, ayuda a mantener el vacío en los sismómetros de Mars Insight: absorbe la humedad y otros volátiles desgasificados que provienen de la propia nave espacial. También proponen utilizarlos como insecticida físico al "secar los insectos" reduciendo la necesidad de pesticidas químicos y tóxicos.

Filmado por Paul Gramaglia

Miniatura por Ignat Berbeci

Animaciones de Catherine Chooljian

Música de https://epidemicsound.com "Tonic Zone" "Betelgeuse" "Insidious Mice" "Seaweed" "It's not that serious" "Platin00m - Sum It"
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Pusimos a prueba el aerogel contra un "No lanzallamas". Para eso expusimos frente a una enorme llama de 2000 °C, una gran manta de fibra de vidrio infundida con aerogel. SUSCRÍBETE ahora para ver todos nuestros videos: http://bit.ly/Suscribirse_Veritasium_en_español

Agradecimientos especiales a:
Aerogel Technologies: https://ve42.co/aerogeltech
Aspen Aerogels: https://ve42.co/aspen
Ben: @ BenScho999999
Dr. Stephen Steiner y el equipo de Aerogel Technologies.

El aerogel de sílice, supo ser anteriormente el sólido más liviano. Ese título ahora lo posee el aerogel de grafeno.
El material de archivo de materiales de aerogel en ambientes fríos fue proporcionado por cortesía de Aspen Aerogels. Se demostró que su producto, el crioaerogel, era flexible en nitrógeno líquido al mismo tiempo que evitaba las quemaduras frías en la mano. Son el fabricante de la manta utilizada en la parte principal de este video.

Este es el final de la serie de tres partes sobre aerogel. Pondré enlaces a las otras partes a continuación:
El Sólido Más Liviano del Mundo - AEROGEL: https://youtu.be/ArF5H_Ci3Uw
Me volví Impermeable utilizando AEROGEL: https://youtu.be/xpkvtAZV9CM

Este es un video educativo que muestra experimentos científicos realizados por profesionales. No debe ser intentado por los espectadores.

Música de Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com "Running Against the Clock" "Dangerous Forest"
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Edición y post-producción de video: Juan Caille Tornquist
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Get a night sleep with Kitaro. 13 albums (1979-1987): Silk Road I (1980) Oasis (1979) Silk Road II (1980) In Person Digital (1980) Silk Road İ (Tunhuang) .



Get a night sleep with Kitaro. 13 albums (1979-1987): Silk Road I (1980) Oasis (1979) Silk Road II (1980) In Person Digital (1980) Silk Road İ (Tunhuang) .

Increasing entropy is NOT the only process that's asymmetric in time.
Check out the book: http://WeHaveNoIdea.com
This video was co-written by Daniel Whiteson and Jorge Cham
You can also check out PhD Comics: http://phdcomics.com


Special thanks to Patreon supporters:
Tony Fadell, Donal Botkin, Michael Krugman, Jeff Straathof, Zach Mueller, Ron Neal, Nathan Hansen, Joshua Abenir

Support Veritasium on Patreon: http://ve42.co/patreon

Original paper on parity violation by the weak force by Lee and Yang:
http://www.physics.utah.edu/~b....elz/phys5110/PhysRev

More on B-meson oscillations and time reversal violation:
Physics World Article: http://ve42.co/TimeReversal
Original paper: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1410.1742.pdf
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B_meson

Physics consultant: Prof. Stephen Bartlett

Studio filming by Raquel Nuno

The physics behind Kelvin's Thunderstorm explained. No, it is not a practical way of generating electricity, which is why we use turbines at hydro stations.

This video goes into more detail about the phenomenon demonstrated in this Hunger Games collab video: http://youtu.be/Rwa26CXG1fc

The definitive answer about the direction water swirls in two hemispheres
Sync the videos yourself: http://toiletswirl.com

For the record Destin and I repeated the experiment 3-4 times each in each hemisphere and got the same results every time.

The idea that water going down a drain or flushed down a toilet swirls in opposite directions in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres has a long history. But few have ever done the experiment. Destin from Smarter Every Day and I performed identical experiments in the Northern and Southern hemispheres. What we found is the direction of water swirl in a toilet, sink, or bathtub is determined by other sources of angular momentum. However if the body of water is big enough, e.g. a kiddy pool, and left still for long enough (at least 24 hours), then the Coriolis effect is observable with water swirling counterclockwise in the Northern hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern hemisphere.

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Gordon McGladdery did all of the sound design for the video. We used two songs from other artists (licensed of course). Derek split the first one up so it fades from video to video, and Gordon split the instruments up on the second one. There are violins on one video and percussion on the other for example. It's really neat.

The neat earth animation at the beginning and the synchronizing timer was made by http://eisenfeuer.com/. He also made still images of the earth from the top and the bottom.

Thanks to Vanessa for filming in Sydney: http://youtube.com/braincraftvideo

MORE INFO:

There was a study performed at MIT years ago (http://web.mit.edu/hml/ncfmf/09VOR.pdf) that explained the physics involved. We repeated some of these demonstrations, but on opposite sides of the globe…and in a way that can be easily understood.
This site is a great resource on the Coriolis effect and ways people have gotten it wrong:
http://www.ems.psu.edu/~fraser/Bad/Ba...

If you repeat something enough times, it comes to feel good and true.
Support Veritasium on Patreon: http://bit.ly/VePatreon
Science with Hot Wheels! My vids for kids: http://bit.ly/VeHotWheels
More info on cognitive ease: http://bit.ly/29OMGas

This episode was inspired by the book Thinking Fast and Slow by Daniel Kahneman.

This video was edited by Daniel Joseph Files, with music from Kevin MacLeod at http://incompetech.com "Marty Gots a Plan" "Sing Along With Jim" and "Full On".

Veritasium is supported on Patreon by:
Jason Buster, Saeed Alghamdi, Tony Fadell, Donal Botkin, Bryan Baker, & Imthetroublesolver 8)